基于空间的粒子对撞机的案例：轨道基础设施作为实现大统一能量尺度的途径
The Case for Space-Based Particle Colliders: Orbital Infrastructure as a Path to Grand Unification Energy Scales
AI总结：
本文探讨了空间基粒子对撞机的必要性，指出地球上的对撞机无法达到大统一理论所需能量尺度，而空间基对撞机能利用轨道基础设施实现PeV-EeV能量水平，并评估了现有技术可行性。
摘要：
粒子物理学标准模型通过大型强子对撞机被验证到极高水平精度。然而，它未能解答暗物质本质、层次问题以及力的统一等基本物理问题。尽管未来环形对撞机等下一代地面对撞机能达到约100 TeV的中心对撞能，但大统一理论和弦理论预期观测的能量尺度（10^11-10^13 TeV）仍远超任何地面设施的范围。本文论证通往这些能量前沿的路径必然导向空间。通过分析圆周质子对撞机的基本缩放定律，我们确定需要半径10^3-10^5公里的对撞机才能进入PeV-EeV范围。此外，空间基对撞机受益于几乎免费的超高真空（1000公里以上高度处<10^10粒子/m³）、被动低温冷却、减少地质和政治约束，并可能最重要的是——大幅降低主导地面低温功率预算的热力学惩罚。本文调查了现有超越地球的对撞机提案，推导出轨道对撞机星座的量级要求，并评估当前和近期航天器在编队飞行、功率生成和精确姿态控制方面的可行性。我们得出结论，近年来轨道基础设施的发展——特别是为空间数据中心开发的千瓦级轨道功率架构——正在与空间基巨型对撞机的需求交汇，使严肃的可行性研究变得必要，并有望为现代物理的核心问题提供更确定的路径。
英文摘要：
The Standard Model of particle Physics has been validated to extraordinarily high precision by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Yet it leaves some of the most fundamental questions in Physics unresolved: the nature of dark matter, the hierarchy problem, and the unification of forces. Multiple next-generation terrestrial colliders have been proposed such as the Future Circular Collider (FCC) which will reach centre-of-mass energies of $\approx$100 TeV, yet the energy scales at which hints of Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) and string theory are expected to be observed ($10^{11}-10^{13}$ TeV) remain orders of magnitude beyond the reach of any terrestrial facility. We argue that the path to these energy frontiers inevitably leads to Space. By examining the fundamental scaling law for circular proton colliders, we establish that colliders of radius $10^3-10^5$ km are required to enter the PeV-EeV regime. In addition, Space-based colliders benefit from virtually free ultra-high vacuum ($< 10^{10}$ particles/m$^3$ above 1000 km altitude), passive cryogenic cooling, reduction of geological and political constraints, and perhaps most importantly -- the substantial reduction of the thermodynamic penalty that dominates terrestrial cryogenic power budgets. We survey existing proposals for beyond-Earth colliders, derive order-of-magnitude requirements for an orbital collider constellation, and assess feasibility against current and near-term spacecraft capabilities in formation flying, power generation, and precision attitude control. We conclude that recent developments in orbital infrastructure -- particularly gigawatt-scale orbital power architectures being developed for Space-based data centers -- are converging with the needs of a Space-based mega collider, making serious feasibility studies warranted and promising a more certain path towards the core questions of modern Physics.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
