With the expansion of data-intensive applications and increasing data volumes, providing an efficient solution to address growing energy consumption and performance degradation caused by the transfer of large amounts of data between the processor and the main memory has become a severe challenge. The frequent transfer of large amounts of data between internal chip units, memories, and their interconnections exacerbates the vulnerability of the data being accessed. Employing a memristive Computation In-Memory-Array (CIM-A) architecture limits data transfer, thereby addressing both challenges. Furthermore, by integrating lightweight cryptography, developed to secure data in hardware-constrained devices, with CIM-A architectures, the security of data in transit, especially across interconnections, can be ensured. This paper implements two standard lightweight stream ciphers, Trivium and Grain-128a, for CIM using stateful material implication (IMPLY) logic to address these combined security and performance challenges. In addition to redesigning the cryptographic structures, we reduce the hardware complexity of conventional IMPLY-based implementations by proposing an efficient method for shifting data within the shift registers. Applying the proposed data-shifting method to the registers of these ciphers reduces the number of computational steps and decreases energy consumption by up to 42% and 44%, respectively, compared to conventional implementations. Finally, the performance of the proposed circuits is evaluated in a steganography application, demonstrating their practical efficiency.
Image steganography is the art of hiding data into images. Secret data such as messages, audio, images can be hidden inside the cover image. This is mainly achieved by hiding the data into the LSB(Least Significant Bit) of the image pixels. To improve the security of steganography, this paper studied data encryption with AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) and LSB based data hiding technique with advanced user-defined encrypted data distribution in pixels other than the common linear computational method of storing data in a linear form. This data distribution file will contain the location of t…
Data security is required when communications over untrusted networks takes place. Security tools such as cryptography and steganography are applied to achieve such objectives, but both have limitations and susceptible to attacks if they were used individually. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a powerful and secured system based on the integration of cryptography and steganography. The secret message is encrypted with blowfish cipher and visual cryptography. Finally, the encrypted data is embedded into two innocent cover images for future transmission. An extended analysis was made t…
Over the years health care has seen major improvement due to the introduction information and communication technology with electronic medical prescription being one the areas benefiting from it. Within the overall context of protection of health care information, privacy of prescription data needs special treatment. This paper presents an e-prescription system that addresses some challenges pertaining to the prescription privacy protection in the process of drug prescription. The developed system uses spread spectrum image steganography algorithm with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) key im…
In this paper, first, we utilize the Lowner-John ellipsoid of a convex set to hide the lattice data information. We also describe the algorithm of information recovery in polynomial time by employing the Todd-Khachyian algorithm. The importance of lattice data is generally due to their applications in the homomorphic encryption schemes. For this reason we also outline the general scheme of a homomorphic encryption provided by Gentry.
As computer systems become more pervasive and complex, security is increasingly important. Secure Transmission refers to the transfer of data such as confidential or proprietary information over a secure channel. Many secure transmission methods require a type of encryption. Secure transmissions are put in place to prevent attacks such as ARP spoofing and general data loss. Hence, in order to provide a better security mechanism, in this paper we propose Enhanced Tiny Encryption Algorithm with Embedding (ETEA), a data hiding technique called steganography along with the technique of encryption …
Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding information in other information. Different types of carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular ones because of their frequency on the internet. For hiding secret information in images, there exists a large variety of steganography techniques. Some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points. Many applications may require absolute invisibility of the secret information. This paper intends to give an overview of image steganography, it'…
We provide a new provably-secure steganographic encryption protocol that is proven secure in the complexity-theoretic framework of Hopper et al. The fundamental building block of our steganographic encryption protocol is a "one-time stegosystem" that allows two parties to transmit messages of length shorter than the shared key with information-theoretic security guarantees. The employment of a pseudorandom generator (PRG) permits secure transmission of longer messages in the same way that such a generator allows the use of one-time pad encryption for messages longer than the key in symmetric e…
A while ago, I developed what I called an encryption method. The most favorable of reviews did not see a method but a collection of techniques. Be that as it may, the process used, is described in the paper, Windtalking Computers. This paper is about the steganographic method described, the cryptanalysis efforts of that method and; a real world application of that method as an answer to the increasing problem of password file hacking. The premise is that the technique is a variant of one time pad, using a novel way to produce one time pad output for digital input. There is no record in the lit…
Information security is one of the most challenging problems in today's technological world. In order to secure the transmission of secret data over the public network (Internet), various schemes have been presented over the last decade. Steganography combined with cryptography, can be one of the best choices for solving this problem. This paper proposes a new steganographic method based on gray-level modification for true colour images using image transposition, secret key and cryptography. Both the secret key and secret information are initially encrypted using multiple encryption algorithms…
In today's world the art of sending & displaying the hidden information especially in public places, has received more attention and faced many challenges. Therefore, different methods have been proposed so far for hiding information in different cover media. In this paper a method for hiding of information on the billboard display is presented. It is well known that encryption provides secure channels for communicating entities. However, due to lack of covertness on these channels, an eavesdropper can identify encrypted streams through statistical tests and capture them for further cryptanaly…
The growing potential of modern communications needs the use of secure means to protect information from unauthorized access and use during transmission. In general, encryption a message using cryptography techniques and then hidden a message with a steganography methods provides an additional layer of protection. Furthermore, using these combination reduces the chance of finding the hidden message. This paper proposed a system which combines schemes of cryptography with steganography for hiding secret messages and to add more complexity for steganography. The proposed system secret message en…
Hanyang University（汉阳大学）；University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学）；Rashid Hospital（拉希德医院）
Medical images are commonly stored in digital media and transmitted via Internet for certain uses. If a medical information image alters, this can lead to a wrong diagnosis which may create a serious health problem. Moreover, medical images in digital form can easily be modified by wiping off or adding small pieces of information intentionally for certain illegal purposes. Hence, the reliability of medical images is an important criterion in a hospital information system. In this paper, Fresnelet transform is employed along with appropriate handling of the Arnold transform and the discrete cos…
The hybrid hiding encryption algorithm, as its name implies, embraces concepts from both steganography and cryptography. In this exertion, an improved micro-architecture Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of this algorithm is presented. This design overcomes the observed limitations of a previously-designed micro-architecture. These observed limitations are: no exploitation of the possibility of parallel bit replacement, and the fact that the input plaintext was encrypted serially, which caused a dependency between the throughput and the nature of the used secret key. This dep…
We propose an image steganographic algorithm called EncryptGAN, which disguises private image communication in an open communication channel. The insight is that content transform between two very different domains (e.g., face to flower) allows one to hide image messages in one domain (face) and communicate using its counterpart in another domain (flower). The key ingredient in our method, unlike related approaches, is a specially trained network to extract transformed images from both domains and use them as the public and private keys. We ensure the image communication remain secret except f…
A Previously traditional methods were sufficient to protect the information, since it is simplicity in the past does not need complicated methods but with the progress of information technology, it become easy to attack systems, and detection of encryption methods became necessary to find ways parallel with the differing methods used by hackers, so the embedding methods could be under surveillance from system managers in an organization that requires the high level of security. This fact requires researches on new hiding methods and cover objects which hidden information is embedded in. It is …
With the emergence of IoT (Internet of things), huge amounts of sensitive data are being processed and transmitted everyday in edge devices with little to no security. Due to their aggressive power management schemes, it is a common and necessary technique to make a back-up of their program states and other necessary data in a non-volatile memory (NVM) before going to sleep or low power mode. However, this memory is often left unprotected as adding robust security measures tends to be expensive for these resource constrained systems. In this paper, we propose a lightweight security system for …
The security of patient information is important during the transfer of medical data. A hybrid spatial domain watermarking algorithm that includes encryption, integrity protection and steganography is proposed to strengthen the information originality based on the authentication. The proposed algorithm checks whether the information of patients has been deliberately changed or not. The created code is distributed at every pixel of the medical image and not only in the regions of noninterest pixels, while the image details are still preserved. To enhance the security of the watermarking code, "…
