HOTDISK：利用水和难熔分子物种发现大质量原恒星盘
HOTDISK. Finding Massive Protostellar Disks with Water and Refractory Molecular Species
AI总结：
利用ALMA高角分辨率观测，通过振动激发水、NaCl、SiS和SiO等分子示踪大质量原恒星内部区域的热盘化学模式，在10个目标中7个检测到振动激发水发射，证实存在紧凑旋转盘结构。
摘要：
我们展示了来自HOTDISK项目（大质量原恒星盘的热起源示踪巡天）的高角分辨率（$\sim0.05^{\prime\prime}$，$\sim 60-250$ au）ALMA Band~6观测，旨在研究由振动激发水、NaCl、SiS和SiO在大质量原恒星最内部区域示踪的“热盘”化学模式。基于低分辨率观测中强烈的CH$_3$CN发射（显示清晰的旋转特征）和中心集中的SiO发射，选择了十个目标。我们在10个源中的7个中检测到振动激发水发射。在所有探测中，蓝移和红移成分紧凑且位于1.3 mm连续谱峰值的两侧，速度梯度大致垂直于外流轴，与盘尺度上的旋转一致。在这7个源中的5个中检测到NaCl和SiS发射，并表现出类似的运动学特征，进一步支持紧凑旋转结构的存在。相比之下，常用的热核示踪物（例如CH$_3$CN和SO$_2$）主要探测更大尺度的包层气体。这些结果表明，当以足够的角分辨率和灵敏度观测时，振动激发水、NaCl和SiS是$\sim$100 au尺度上盘结构的强大示踪物。高探测率表明，热盘化学模式——以及紧凑旋转盘——在大质量恒星形成区域中很常见，至少在具有发育良好的旋转包层的源中如此。
英文摘要：
We present high-angular-resolution ($\sim0.05^{\prime\prime}$, $\sim 60-250$ au) ALMA Band~6 observations from the HOTDISK project (Hot-Origin Tracer survey of DISKs of massive protostars) aimed at investigating the "hot-disk" chemical pattern traced by vibrationally excited water, NaCl, SiS, and SiO in the innermost regions around massive protostars. Ten targets were selected based on strong CH$_3$CN emission exhibiting clear rotational signatures and centrally concentrated SiO emission from lower-resolution observations. We detect vibrationally excited water emission toward 7 of the 10 sources. In all detections, the blueshifted and redshifted components are compact and located on opposite sides of the 1.3 mm continuum peak, with velocity gradients approximately perpendicular to the outflow axes, consistent with rotation on disk scales. Emission from NaCl and SiS is detected toward 5 of these 7 sources and exhibits similar kinematics, further supporting the presence of compact rotating structures. In contrast, commonly used hot-core tracers (e.g., CH$_3$CN and SO$_2$) primarily probe larger-scale envelope gas. These results demonstrate that vibrationally excited water, NaCl, and SiS are powerful tracers of disk structures on $\sim$100 au scales, when observed at sufficient angular resolution and sensitivity. The high detection rate suggests that hot-disk chemical patterns -- and thus compact rotating disks -- are common in massive star-forming regions, at least among sources with well-developed rotating envelopes.
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