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arXiv 2604.15313astro-ph.COcond-mat.dis-nngr-qc
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引力波透镜效应超越射线：无序系统方法

Gravitational-wave lensing beyond rays: a disordered-system approach

INFN, Sezione di Padova（意大利国家核物理研究所帕多瓦分部）；Gran Sasso Science Institute（格兰萨索科学研究所）；INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso（意大利国家核物理研究所格兰萨索国家实验室）；University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）；SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies（国际高等研究院）；INFN, Sezione di Trieste（意大利国家核物理研究所里雅斯特分部）；IFPU, Istitute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）

Ripalta Amoruso, Ginevra Braga, Alice Garoffolo, Francescopaolo Lopez, Nicola Bartolo, Sabino Matarrese

备注：
26 pages, plus technical appendices, 2 figures
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AI总结：

本文提出一种框架，描述在随机弱引力透镜分布中引力波传播超越几何光学极限的现象，通过无序系统方法统一描述干涉、衍射和统计波动。

摘要：

我们开发了一个框架，用于描述通过随机弱引力透镜分布的引力波传播，超越几何光学极限。我们将透镜分布建模为静态随机背景场，并用淬火无序的语言表述问题，将无序平均密度矩阵视为基本对象，从中计算可观测量。使用Schwinger-Keldysh形式主义，我们构建了平均密度矩阵的路径积分表示，并对合适耦合类推导其显式形式。结果自然分为二次指数项，支配平均描述中相敏感贡献的抑制，和纯振荡项，修改通过无序诱导传播核的相干传播。这为干涉、衍射和透镜分布统计波动提供统一描述。我们还确定控制相干损失起始的物理尺度，并在高斯波包情况下展示该形式化。更一般地，推导适用于任何由同类动作描述的系统，使该框架超越引力波透镜到无序介质中的波传播。

英文摘要：

We develop a framework to describe gravitational wave propagation through a stochastic distribution of weak gravitational lenses beyond the geometric optics limit. We model the lens distribution as a static random background field and formulate the problem in the language of quenched disorder, treating the disorder averaged density matrix as the fundamental object from which observables are computed. Using the Schwinger Keldysh formalism, we construct a path-integral representation of the averaged density matrix and derive its explicit form perturbatively for a suitable class of couplings. The result naturally separates into a quadratic exponential term, which governs the suppression of phase sensitive contributions in the averaged description, and a purely oscillatory contribution, which modifies coherent propagation through a disorder-induced correction to the propagation kernel. This provides a unified description of interference, diffraction, and statistical fluctuations of the lens distribution within a single framework. We also identify the physical scales controlling the onset of coherence loss and illustrate the formalism in the case of Gaussian wave packets. More generally, the derivation applies to any system described by the same class of actions, making the framework relevant beyond gravitational wave lensing to wave propagation in disordered media.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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