铅核在2.76A TeV碰撞中的中子皮肤效应
The neutron skin effect in Pb+Pb collisions at 2.76A TeV at the LHC
AI总结：
研究铅核在2.76A TeV碰撞中中子皮肤对火球时空演化及可观测量的影响，发现中子皮肤厚度显著影响椭圆流及光子流。
摘要：
铅核在相对论性能量下的碰撞为研究夸克胶子等离子体性质提供了重要见解，其中初始几何和密度分布对后续火球演化至关重要。本工作探讨了中子皮肤对Pb+Pb碰撞中火球时空演化的影响，并分析了中子皮肤对初始核结构敏感的可观测量的影响。通过研究初始轮廓的时间演化、平均$p_T$、粒子能谱和各向异性流动参数，发现中子皮肤厚度显著影响火球的空间各向异性，尤其在外围碰撞中更为明显。这导致了强子的椭圆流显著增强，且对光子的影响更强烈。此外，该效应在低能铅核碰撞中更为显著。
英文摘要：
Collisions of lead nuclei at relativistic energies provide valuable insight into the properties of the quark gluon plasma formed in such collisions where the initial geometry and density profile play a crucial role in governing the subsequent evolution of the produced hot and dense fireball. The neutron skin thickness resulting from the difference between the neutron and proton density distributions in neutron rich lead nuclei plays an important role in nuclear structure studies. In this work we investigate the impact of neutron skin on the space time evolution of the fireball formed in Pb+Pb collisions at 2.76A TeV at the LHC and analyze how the presence of neutron skin affect bulk observables sensitive to the initial nuclear structure. The time evolution of initial profile along with the average $p_T$, particle spectra and anisotropic flow parameters are estimated to investigate the effect of neutron skin on these observables. The initial spatial anisotropy of the fireball is found to be affected by the neutron skin thickness significantly especially for the peripheral collisions. This leads to a substantial enhancement of the elliptic flow of hadrons with an even stronger effect observed for photons. In addition, the effect is found to be more pronounced for lower beam energy collisions of lead nuclei.
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