太阳极端紫外光谱仪和高能成像仪（SEUSHI）：设计、开发与预飞行校准
Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph and High-energy Imager (SEUSHI): Design, Development, and Pre-Flight Calibration
AI总结：
SEUSHI通过结合多小孔SXR成像与掠入射EUV光谱学，解决太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射的观测缺口，提供高分辨率温度和发射测量图，用于研究日冕加热和空间天气预测。
摘要：
理解太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射（CMEs）的起始是改进极端空间天气预报的关键。软X射线（SXR）和极端紫外线（EUV）观测为高度动态的日冕提供了关键诊断；然而，尽管数十年的观测，仍存在显著的测量缺口。太阳极端紫外线光谱仪和高能成像仪（SEUSHI）旨在通过在共享相机上结合多小孔SXR成像与掠入射EUV光谱学来解决这些缺口。SEUSHI提供1弧分分辨率和5秒采样率的空间分辨温度和发射测量图，以识别热点起始前兆事件（HOPEs），这些事件提供耀斑的早期警报。此外，高采样率（100 Hz）的选定图像行读出可实现1.1-6.8 keV范围内的光子计数光谱学，约0.08 keV的能量分辨率，以研究活动区域的元素丰度演变，这是日冕加热的关键诊断。SEUSHI还提供高分辨率（约0.2 nm）的EUV光谱测量，覆盖16.1-33.8 nm范围，5秒采样率用于研究日冕变暗和生成CMEs的早期警报。SEUSHI设计有低功率、质量和体积要求，使其适合小型卫星平台。目前，SEUSHI的技术演示版本正在为太阳动力学观测站极端紫外线变异性实验校准亚轨道飞行任务开发。本文介绍了该仪器的设计、开发和校准。在亚轨道飞行平台上的成功演示是飞往未来卫星任务并改进空间天气运营的重要一步。
英文摘要：
Understanding the initiation of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is essential for improving forecasts of extreme space weather. Soft X-ray (SXR) and Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) observations provide critical diagnostics of the highly dynamic solar corona; however, significant measurement gaps persist despite decades of observations. The Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph and High-energy Imager (SEUSHI) aims to address these gaps by combining multi-pinhole SXR imaging with grazing-incidence EUV spectroscopy on a shared camera. SEUSHI delivers spatially-resolved temperature and emission measure maps at 1 arcminute resolution and 5 second cadence to identify Hot Onset Precursor Events (HOPEs), which provide early alerts of flares. Additionally, high-cadence (100 Hz) readouts of selected image rows enable photon-counting spectroscopy over 1.1-6.8 keV with approx. 0.08 keV energy resolution, to investigate elemental abundance evolution in active regions, a key diagnostic of coronal heating. SEUSHI also provides high-resolution (approx. 0.2 nm) EUV spectra measurements across the 16.1-33.8 nm range at 5 second cadence for studies of coronal dimming and generation of early alerts for CMEs. SEUSHI is designed with low power, mass, and volume requirements, making it suitable for small satellite platforms. A technology demonstration version of SEUSHI is currently under development for flight aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment calibration sounding rocket. This paper presents the instrument design, development, and calibration. Successful demonstration on the sounding rocket platform is an important step towards the opportunity to fly SEUSHI on future satellite missions and thus to improve space weather operations.
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