从全球高分辨率探空数据中分析平流层湍流的空间和时间分布
Spatial and temporal distribution of stratospheric turbulence from global high-resolution radiosonde data
AI总结:
本文利用2014年10月至2025年12月全球370个站点的高分辨率探空数据,基于里奇蒙数方法估算平流层湍流扩散率,发现其广泛分布且受稳定但强剪切条件影响,识别出可能促进平流层气溶胶注入的局部最大值,并发现2015-2025年间扩散率显著增加。
摘要:
平流层湍流难以观测,但对动量、痕量气体和气溶胶的扩散有重要影响。本文利用全球370个站点2014年10月至2025年12月的高分辨率探空数据,采用基于里奇蒙数的方法估算平流层湍流扩散率。研究发现,湍流扩散率范围广泛,主要由静力稳定但强剪切条件下的湍流主导。增强值出现在土耳其、印度、马来西亚、日本及主要山地地区,证据表明山波和对流活动均起作用。还识别出热带对流层顶上方约17公里,赤道至北纬15度之间的一个局部最大值,可能指示一个促进平流层气溶胶注入(SAI)的注入区域。平流层湍流扩散率在2015-2025年间显著增加(3.5×10⁻³ m² s⁻¹ yr⁻¹)。最后,这些结果可能有助于约束和预测火箭、飞机及潜在SAI的平流层烟雾扩散。
英文摘要:
Stratospheric turbulence is difficult to observe, yet it strongly affects how momentum, trace gases, and aerosols spread through the atmosphere. Here, we use global high-resolution radiosonde observations from 370 stations during October 2014-December 2025 to estimate stratospheric turbulent diffusivity with a Richardson-number-based method. We find that turbulent diffusivity spans a broad range and is dominated by turbulence occurring in statically stable but strongly sheared conditions. Enhanced values appear over Turkey, India, Malaysia, Japan, and major mountainous regions, with evidence that mountain waves and convective activity both contribute. We also identify a local maximum just above the tropical tropopause, between the Equator and 15 N at 17 km altitude, which may indicate an injection region conducive to the rapid aerosol dispersion for stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI). Stratospheric turbulent diffusivity also shows a significant increase ($3.5 \times 10^{-3}\ \mathrm{m^2\ s^{-1}\ yr^{-1}}$) over 2015-2025. Finally, these results may help constrain and predict the dispersion of stratospheric plumes from rockets, aircraft, and potential SAI.
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