Road masks obtained from remote sensing images effectively support a wide range of downstream tasks. In recent years, most studies have focused on improving the performance of fully automatic segmentation models for this task, achieving significant gains. However, current fully automatic methods are still insufficient for identifying certain challenging road segments and often produce false positive and false negative regions. Moreover, fully automatic segmentation does not support local segmentation of regions of interest or refinement of existing masks. Although the SAM model is widely used as an interactive segmentation model and performs well on natural images, it shows poor performance in remote sensing road segmentation and cannot support fine-grained local refinement. To address these limitations, we propose PC-SAM, which integrates fully automatic road segmentation and interactive segmentation within a unified framework. By carefully designing a fine-tuning strategy, the influence of point prompts is constrained to their corresponding patches, overcoming the inability of the original SAM to perform fine local corrections and enabling fine-grained interactive mask refinement. Extensive experiments on several representative remote sensing road segmentation datasets demonstrate that, when combined with point prompts, PC-SAM significantly outperforms state-of-the-art fully automatic models in road mask segmentation, while also providing flexible local mask refinement and local road segmentation. The code will be available at https://github.com/Cyber-CCOrange/PC-SAM.
Friedrich Schiller University of Jena（耶拿弗里德里希·席勒大学）
Classifying single image patches is important in many different applications, such as road detection or scene understanding. In this paper, we present convolutional patch networks, which are convolutional networks learned to distinguish different image patches and which can be used for pixel-wise labeling. We also show how to incorporate spatial information of the patch as an input to the network, which allows for learning spatial priors for certain categories jointly with an appearance model. In particular, we focus on road detection and urban scene understanding, two application areas where …
Automatically extracting roads from satellite imagery is a fundamental yet challenging computer vision task in the field of remote sensing. Pixel-wise semantic segmentation-based approaches and graph-based approaches are two prevailing schemes. However, prior works show the imperfections that semantic segmentation-based approaches yield road graphs with low connectivity, while graph-based methods with iterative exploring paradigms and smaller receptive fields focus more on local information and are also time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for multi-task satellite imagery roa…
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚开放大学）；ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）
This paper tackles the task of estimating the topology of road networks from aerial images. Building on top of a global model that performs a dense semantical classification of the pixels of the image, we design a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that predicts the local connectivity among the central pixel of an input patch and its border points. By iterating this local connectivity we sweep the whole image and infer the global topology of the road network, inspired by a human delineating a complex network with the tip of their finger. We perform an extensive and comprehensive qualitative an…
Peking University（北京大学）；China North Vehicle Research Institute（中国北方车辆研究所）
Road detection or traversability analysis has been a key technique for a mobile robot to traverse complex off-road scenes. The problem has been mainly formulated in early works as a binary classification one, e.g. associating pixels with road or non-road labels. Whereas understanding scenes with fine-grained labels are needed for off-road robots, as scenes are very diverse, and the various mechanical performance of off-road robots may lead to different definitions of safe regions to traverse. How to define and annotate fine-grained labels to achieve meaningful scene understanding for a robot t…
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）
High-Definition (HD) maps can provide precise geometric and semantic information of static traffic environments for autonomous driving. Road-boundary is one of the most important information contained in HD maps since it distinguishes between road areas and off-road areas, which can guide vehicles to drive within road areas. But it is labor-intensive to annotate road boundaries for HD maps at the city scale. To enable automatic HD map annotation, current work uses semantic segmentation or iterative graph growing for road-boundary detection. However, the former could not ensure topological corr…
R2S100K: Road-Region Segmentation Dataset For Semi-Supervised Autonomous Driving in the Wild
Information Technology University (ITU)（信息技术大学）；Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona（巴塞罗那自治大学计算机视觉中心）；Hamad Bin Khalifa University（哈马德·本·哈利法大学）；Qatar University（卡塔尔大学）
Road detection from the perspective of moving vehicles is a challenging issue in autonomous driving. Recently, many deep learning methods spring up for this task because they can extract high-level local features to find road regions from raw RGB data, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN). However, how to detect the boundary of road accurately is still an intractable problem. In this paper, we propose a siamesed fully convolutional networks (named as ``s-FCN-loc''), which is able to consider RGB-channel images, semantic contours and location priors…
Southwest Jiaotong University（西南交通大学）；Capital Normal University（首都师范大学）
Photogrammetric mesh models obtained from aerial oblique images have been widely used for urban reconstruction. However, the photogrammetric meshes also suffer from severe texture problems, especially on the road areas due to occlusion. This paper proposes a structure-aware completion approach to improve the quality of meshes by removing undesired vehicles on the road seamlessly. Specifically, the discontinuous texture atlas is first integrated to a continuous screen space through rendering by the graphics pipeline; the rendering also records necessary mapping for deintegration to the original…
A Ground Segmentation Method Based on Point Cloud Map for Unstructured Roads
Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学前沿科学研究院）；School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院）
The image classification problem has been deeply investigated by the research community, with computer vision algorithms and with the help of Neural Networks. The aim of this paper is to build an image classifier for satellite images of urban scenes that identifies the portions of the images in which a road is located, separating these portions from the rest. Unlike conventional computer vision algorithms, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) provide accurate and reliable results on this task. Our novel approach uses a sliding window to extract patches out of the whole image, data augmentation…
Peking University（北京大学）；China North Vehicle Research Institute（中国北方车辆研究所）
Off-road semantic segmentation with fine-grained labels is necessary for autonomous vehicles to understand driving scenes, as the coarse-grained road detection can not satisfy off-road vehicles with various mechanical properties. Fine-grained semantic segmentation in off-road scenes usually has no unified category definition due to ambiguous nature environments, and the cost of pixel-wise labeling is extremely high. Furthermore, semantic properties of off-road scenes can be very changeable due to various precipitations, temperature, defoliation, etc. To address these challenges, this research …
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；Amazon Inc.（亚马逊公司）
Recent work in multi-view stereo (MVS) combines learnable photometric scores and regularization with PatchMatch-based optimization to achieve robust pixelwise estimates of depth, normals, and visibility. However, non-learning based methods still outperform for large scenes with sparse views, in part due to use of geometric consistency constraints and ability to optimize over many views at high resolution. In this paper, we build on learning-based approaches to improve photometric scores by learning patch coplanarity and encourage geometric consistency by learning a scaled photometric cost that…
The major drawbacks with Satellite Images are low resolution, Low resolution makes it difficult to identify the objects present in Satellite images. We have experimented with several deep models available for Single Image Superresolution on the SpaceNet dataset and have evaluated the performance of each of them on the satellite image data. We will dive into the recent evolution of the deep models in the context of SISR over the past few years and will present a comparative study between these models. The entire Satellite image of an area is divided into equal-sized patches. Each patch will be …
PatchScaler: An Efficient Patch-Independent Diffusion Model for Image Super-Resolution
National Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Hybrid Augmented Intelligence（人机混合增强智能全国重点实验室）；IAIR, Xi’an Jiaotong University（西安交通大学IAIR）；ByteDance Inc（字节跳动公司）；Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）
Robotics Research Center, KCIS, IIIT Hyderabad（印度海得拉巴国际信息技术研究所 KCIS 机器人研究中心）；Montreal Institute of Learning Algorithms (MILA), Universite de Montreal（蒙特利尔大学蒙特利尔学习算法研究所）
Accurate localization of other traffic participants is a vital task in autonomous driving systems. State-of-the-art systems employ a combination of sensing modalities such as RGB cameras and LiDARs for localizing traffic participants, but most such demonstrations have been confined to plain roads. We demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first results for monocular object localization and shape estimation on surfaces that do not share the same plane with the moving monocular camera. We approximate road surfaces by local planar patches and use semantic cues from vehicles in the scene t…
EPS: Efficient Patch Sampling for Video Overfitting in Deep Super-Resolution Model Training
Christian Doppler Laboratory ATHENA（Christian Doppler实验室ATHENA）；Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt（阿尔卑斯-亚德里亚大学克雷格福特）；College of Information and Communication Engineering（信息与通信工程学院）
Instituto de Telecomunicações（电信研究所）；Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon（里斯本大学高等技术学院）
This paper introduces a new approach to patch-based image restoration based on external datasets and importance sampling. The Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) estimate of the image patches, the computation of which requires solving a multidimensional (typically intractable) integral, is approximated using samples from an external dataset. The new method, which can be interpreted as a generalization of the external non-local means (NLM), uses self-normalized importance sampling to efficiently approximate the MMSE estimates. The use of self-normalized importance sampling endows the proposed met…
Almost all existing methods for image restoration are based on optimizing the mean squared error (MSE), even though it is known that the best estimate in terms of MSE may yield a highly atypical image due to the fact that there are many plausible restorations for a given noisy image. In this paper, we show how to combine explicit priors on patches of natural images in order to sample from the posterior probability of a full image given a degraded image. We prove that our algorithm generates correct samples from the distribution $p(x|y) \propto \exp(-E(x|y))$ where $E(x|y)$ is the cost function…
Instituto de Telecomunicacoes（电信研究所）；Instituto Superior Tecnico（高等技术学院）；Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学）
In this paper, we address the problem of recovering images degraded by Poisson noise, where the image is known to belong to a specific class. In the proposed method, a dataset of clean patches from images of the class of interest is clustered using multivariate Gaussian distributions. In order to recover the noisy image, each noisy patch is assigned to one of these distributions, and the corresponding minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimate is obtained. We propose to use a self-normalized importance sampling approach, which is a method of the Monte-Carlo family, for the both determining the…
Detecting small obstacles on the road ahead is a critical part of the driving task which has to be mastered by fully autonomous cars. In this paper, we present a method based on stereo vision to reliably detect such obstacles from a moving vehicle. The proposed algorithm performs statistical hypothesis tests in disparity space directly on stereo image data, assessing freespace and obstacle hypotheses on independent local patches. This detection approach does not depend on a global road model and handles both static and moving obstacles. For evaluation, we employ a novel lost-cargo image sequen…
PSMP-CLIP: Patch-Prompt SAM and Multi-Semantic Prompting for CLIP-Based Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection
Harbin Engineering University（哈尔滨工程大学）；Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Communication and Information Technology（先进海洋通信与信息技术重点实验室）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Kanagawa University（神奈川大学）
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb（萨格勒布大学电气工程与计算学院）
Image-to-image translation models transfer images from input domain to output domain in an endeavor to retain the original content of the image. Contrastive Unpaired Translation is one of the existing methods for solving such problems. Significant advantage of this method, compared to competitors, is the ability to train and perform well in cases where both input and output domains are only a single image. Another key thing that differentiates this method from its predecessors is the usage of image patches rather than the whole images. It also turns out that sampling negatives (patches require…
We propose a novel part-based method for tracking an arbitrary object in challenging video sequences. The colour distribution of tracked image patches on the target object are represented by pairs of RGB samples and counts of how many pixels in the patch are similar to them. Patches are placed by segmenting the object in the given bounding box and placing patches in homogeneous regions of the object. These are located in subsequent image frames by applying non-shearing affine transformations to the patches' previous locations, locally optimising the best of these, and evaluating their quality …
Sharif University of Technology（谢里夫理工大学）；Ferdowsi University of Mashhad（马什哈德菲尔多西大学）
In this paper, we propose a new joint dictionary learning method for example-based image super-resolution (SR), using sparse representation. The low-resolution (LR) dictionary is trained from a set of LR sample image patches. Using the sparse representation coefficients of these LR patches over the LR dictionary, the high-resolution (HR) dictionary is trained by minimizing the reconstruction error of HR sample patches. The error criterion used here is the mean square error. In this way we guarantee that the HR patches have the same sparse representation over HR dictionary as the LR patches ove…
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology（以色列理工学院）
Measuring the similarity between patches in images is a fundamental building block in various tasks. Naturally, the patch-size has a major impact on the matching quality, and on the consequent application performance. Under the assumption that our patch database is sufficiently sampled, using large patches (e.g. 21-by-21) should be preferred over small ones (e.g. 7-by-7). However, this "dense-sampling" assumption is rarely true; in most cases large patches cannot find relevant nearby examples. This phenomenon is a consequence of the curse of dimensionality, stating that the database-size shoul…
The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；Army Research Laboratory（陆军研究实验室）
One of the key challenges in high speed off road navigation on ground vehicles is that the kinodynamics of the vehicle terrain interaction can differ dramatically depending on the terrain. Previous approaches to addressing this challenge have considered learning an inverse kinodynamics (IKD) model, conditioned on inertial information of the vehicle to sense the kinodynamic interactions. In this paper, we hypothesize that to enable accurate high-speed off-road navigation using a learned IKD model, in addition to inertial information from the past, one must also anticipate the kinodynamic intera…
Automatic Extraction of road network from satellite images is a goal that can benefit and even enable new technologies. Methods that combine machine learning (ML) and computer vision have been proposed in recent years which make the task semi-automatic by requiring the user to provide curated training samples. The process can be fully automatized if training samples can be produced algorithmically. Of course, this requires a robust algorithm that can reconstruct the road networks from satellite images reliably so that the output can be fed as training samples. In this work, we develop such a t…
With the development of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), plenty of methods based on DNNs have been proposed for Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR). However, existing methods mostly train the DNNs on uniformly sampled LR-HR patch pairs, which makes them fail to fully exploit informative patches within the image. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective data augmentation method. We first devise a heuristic metric to evaluate the informative importance of each patch pair. In order to reduce the computational cost for all patch pairs, we further propose to optimize the calculation of our met…
We demonstrate that frequently appearing objects can be discovered by training randomly sampled patches from a small number of images (100 to 200) by self-supervision. Key to this approach is the pattern space, a latent space of patterns that represents all possible sub-images of the given image data. The distance structure in the pattern space captures the co-occurrence of patterns due to the frequent objects. The pattern space embedding is learned by minimizing the contrastive loss between randomly generated adjacent patches. To prevent the embedding from learning the background, we modulate…
IGraSS: Learning to Identify Infrastructure Networks from Satellite Imagery by Iterative Graph-constrained Semantic Segmentation
Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学生物复杂性研究所）；Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学计算机科学系）；Department Biomedical Systems Engineering, Washington State University（华盛顿州立大学生物医学系统工程系）；Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville（阿拉巴马大学亨茨维尔分校地球系统科学中心）
In this paper we propose Spatial PixelCNN, a conditional autoregressive model that generates images from small patches. By conditioning on a grid of pixel coordinates and global features extracted from a Variational Autoencoder (VAE), we are able to train on patches of images, and reproduce the full-sized image. We show that it not only allows for generating high quality samples at the same resolution as the underlying dataset, but is also capable of upscaling images to arbitrary resolutions (tested at resolutions up to $50\times$) on the MNIST dataset. Compared to a PixelCNN++ baseline, Spati…
Image hallucination and super-resolution have been studied for decades, and many approaches have been proposed to upsample low-resolution images using information from the images themselves, multiple example images, or large image databases. However, most of this work has focused exclusively on small magnification levels because the algorithms simply sharpen the blurry edges in the upsampled images - no actual new detail is typically reconstructed in the final result. In this paper, we present a patch-based algorithm for image hallucination which, for the first time, properly synthesizes novel…
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee（印度理工学院鲁尔基分校）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；UrbanX Technologies, Inc.（UrbanX科技公司）
The data article describes the Road Damage Dataset, RDD2022, which comprises 47,420 road images from six countries, Japan, India, the Czech Republic, Norway, the United States, and China. The images have been annotated with more than 55,000 instances of road damage. Four types of road damage, namely longitudinal cracks, transverse cracks, alligator cracks, and potholes, are captured in the dataset. The annotated dataset is envisioned for developing deep learning-based methods to detect and classify road damage automatically. The dataset has been released as a part of the Crowd sensing-based Ro…
