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arXiv 2603.23232cs.LG
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GEM:用于离线强化学习中行为归一化的候选动作选择的引导期望最大化

GEM: Guided Expectation-Maximization for Behavior-Normalized Candidate Action Selection in Offline RL

School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing(自动化与智能感知学院)

Haoyu Wang, Jingcheng Wang, Shunyu Wu, Xinwei Xiao

AI总结:

GEM通过引导期望最大化框架,在离线强化学习中实现多模态且可控的动作选择,通过高斯混合模型和行为归一化支持提升决策稳定性与性能。

摘要:

离线强化学习(RL)可以利用固定数据集拟合强大的价值函数,但可靠的部署仍取决于用于查询它们的动作选择接口。当数据集诱导出分支或多模态的动作景观时,单模态策略提取会模糊竞争假设并产生弱支持的数据中间动作,导致即使有强批评者决策也易脆。我们引入GEM(引导期望最大化),一种分析框架,使动作选择既多模态又明确可控。GEM通过批评者引导、优势加权的EM式更新训练高斯混合模型(GMM)演员,保留不同组件的同时将概率质量转移到高价值区域,并学习可处理的GMM行为模型以量化支持。在推理过程中,GEM执行基于候选的选取:生成并行候选集,并利用保守的集合下置信界和行为归一化支持重新排序动作,其中行为对数似然在每个状态的候选集内标准化,以在状态和候选预算之间产生稳定、可比的控制。实证上,GEM在D4RL基准上具有竞争力,并提供一个简单的推理时间预算调节器(候选数量),在不重新训练的情况下用计算换取决策质量。

英文摘要:

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) can fit strong value functions from fixed datasets, yet reliable deployment still hinges on the action selection interface used to query them. When the dataset induces a branched or multimodal action landscape, unimodal policy extraction can blur competing hypotheses and yield "in-between" actions that are weakly supported by data, making decisions brittle even with a strong critic. We introduce GEM (Guided Expectation-Maximization), an analytical framework that makes action selection both multimodal and explicitly controllable. GEM trains a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) actor via critic-guided, advantage-weighted EM-style updates that preserve distinct components while shifting probability mass toward high-value regions, and learns a tractable GMM behavior model to quantify support. During inference, GEM performs candidate-based selection: it generates a parallel candidate set and reranks actions using a conservative ensemble lower-confidence bound together with behavior-normalized support, where the behavior log-likelihood is standardized within each state's candidate set to yield stable, comparable control across states and candidate budgets. Empirically, GEM is competitive across D4RL benchmarks, and offers a simple inference-time budget knob (candidate count) that trades compute for decision quality without retraining.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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