SGR 1935+2154的宁静局部环境：其前身的线索
SGR 1935+2154's Quiet Local Environment: Clues for Its Progenitor
AI总结：
通过研究SGR 1935+2154的局部星系环境，发现其周围恒星密度较低，暗示其可能由非超大质量恒星坍缩或双星合并形成，而非超大质量恒星坍缩。
摘要：
磁星是高磁化中子星，其演化和辐射受磁场衰减和重新配置支配。磁星的起源仍是开放问题，可能的前身包括超大质量恒星（≥25 M☉）或非超大质量恒星（8 < M* < 25 M☉）的核心坍缩、恒星系统合并或白矮星吸积诱导坍缩。通过Gaia DR3和多波段光度计数据研究SGR 1935+2154的局部环境（半径0.87°，约100 pc，距离6.6 kpc），发现其周围恒星表面积密度上限仅为太阳邻域的四分之一，表明其可能由非超大质量恒星核心坍缩或双星合并形成，而非超大质量恒星核心坍缩。尽管其他渠道不能排除，但其概率可能显著较低。与超新星残骸相关的磁星研究倾向于非超大质量前身，暗示此类前身可能产生相当比例的磁星。此外，回溯SGR 1935+2154及其周围恒星轨迹以寻找潜在的大质量伴星，但未发现此类伴星。
英文摘要：
Magnetars are highly magnetized neutron stars (NSs) whose evolution and radiation are governed by the decay and/or reconfiguration of their magnetic fields. The origin of magnetars remains an open question, with proposed progenitor scenarios including core-collapse (CC) of very massive stars ($\ge 25~M_\odot$) or non-very massive stars ($8<M_*<25~M_\odot$), mergers of stellar systems, and accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of white dwarfs (WDs). Investigating the environments of magnetars can offer valuable clues to this issue. In this work, we study the local (a radius of $0.87^\circ$, $\sim 100$ pc at 6.6 kpc) stellar environment of SGR 1935+2154, which is spatially associated with the supernova remnant (SNR) G57.2+0.8, based on astrometry from Gaia DR3 and multi-band photometry from optical to infrared (IR). We discover that the upper limit of the surface density of massive stars around SGR 1935+2154 is only a quarter of that of the solar neighborhood, where the star formation rate is modest in the Galaxy. This quiet environment implies that the magnetar was likely formed by the CC of either a non-very massive star or a binary merger product rather than the CC of a very massive star. Although alternative channels cannot be excluded, their probabilities may be substantially lower. The studies of magnetars associated with SNRs consistently favor non-very massive progenitors, implying that such progenitors may produce a considerable fraction of magnetars. We also backtrack the trajectories of SGR 1935+2154 and its surrounding stars to search for its potential massive companions, yet no such companions are found.
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