YouTube评论中党派战士的不对称动态
Asymmetric Dynamics of Partisan Warriors in YouTube Comments
AI总结：
研究分析了YouTube评论中党派战士的行为，发现跨意识形态评论者并不比同阵营者更文明，保守派观众更奖励对异己领导者的攻击，而左派观众则惩罚此类攻击，且保守派频道中党派战士更普遍，其行为受频道层面异质性驱动。
摘要：
社交媒体上的跨意识形态评论常被想象成达成讨论的途径，但接触对立观点往往加剧敌意。为解释这一动态，我们引入了'党派战士'的概念——评论者跨越意识形态线主要是为了发起对异己领导者的不文明攻击。我们分析了围绕2024年美国第二场总统辩论的大量YouTube评论（N=1,854,320）。在过滤出毒性内容和积极参与后，我们利用大型语言模型识别攻击目标并操作化党派战士行为。我们的分析揭示了四个动态。首先，跨意识形态评论者并不比留在自己意识形态阵营的人更文明（RQ1）。其次，观众反应因意识形态而异：保守派观众倾向于奖励对异己领导者的敌对攻击，而自由派观众则没有类似的激励，有时甚至惩罚此类攻击（RQ2）。第三，党派战士在保守派频道中比自由派频道中更普遍；被限制在保守派空间的评论者比自由派评论者更可能参与党派战士行为（RQ3）。最后，关于环境触发因素，稳健性检查表明，这种参与是一种生态现象，主要由频道层面的异质性驱动，而不是对个别视频标题的短暂反应（RQ4）。通过将关注点从不文明现象的普遍性转向其目标、奖励和结构性驱动因素，本研究深化了对在线空间中党派敌意如何被实施和维持的理解。
英文摘要：
Cross-cutting commenting on social media is often imagined as a path to deliberation, yet exposure to opposing views frequently fuels hostility. To explain this dynamic, we introduce the concept of partisan warriors--commenters who cross ideological lines primarily to launch uncivil attacks against out-partisans. We analyze a large corpus of YouTube comments (N= 1,854,320) surrounding the 2024 U.S. second presidential debate. After filtering for toxicity and active participation, we use large language models to identify attack targets and operationalize partisan warrior behavior. Our analysis highlights four dynamics. First, cross-cutting commenters do not exhibit greater civility than those who remain within their ideological camps (RQ1). Second, audience reactions diverge by ideology: conservative audiences tended to reward hostile attacks on out-group leaders, whereas liberal audiences offered no comparable incentives and at times penalized such attacks (RQ2). Third, partisan warriors are notably more prevalent in conservative-leaning channels than in liberal ones; commenters restricted to conservative spaces were substantially more likely to engage in partisan warrior behavior compared to their liberal-only counterparts (RQ3). Finally, regarding environmental triggers, robustness checks suggest that this participation is an ecological phenomenon driven largely by channel-level heterogeneity rather than transient responses to individual video titles (RQ4). By shifting attention from the prevalence of incivility to its targets, rewards, and structural drivers, this study advances understanding of how partisan hostility is enacted and sustained in online spaces.
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