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arXiv 2603.17469stat.ME
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在隐马尔可夫模型中利用高斯场实现快速且可扩展的推断

Fast and scalable inference in hidden Markov models with Gaussian fields

Bielefeld University(比勒费尔德大学)

Jan-Ole Fischer

AI总结:

本文提出一种改进的前向算法,通过构建Hessian的稀疏性,实现高斯场在隐马尔可夫模型中的快速且可扩展推断,应用于恒星耀斑检测和狮子迁徙建模。

摘要:

隐马尔可夫模型(HMMs)是分析依赖于离散底层但未观测状态的时间序列数据的强大工具。然而,随着实证数据复杂性的增加,通常伴随额外的潜在结构,如空间效应、时间趋势或测量扰动。高斯场为将此类结构化的潜在变异纳入HMMs提供了有吸引力的构建块。通过随机偏微分方程(SPDE)方法,已经出现了快速推断高斯场的方法。由于其稀疏表示,这些方法通过自动微分和拉普拉斯近似与随机效应模型的新频率估计方法很好地结合。扩展到高维需要利用如(R)TMB之类的工具来利用Hessian相对于潜在变量的稀疏性——这是SPDE场所满足但HMM似然所违反的属性。我们提出了一种改进的前向算法来计算HMM似然,从而在Hessian中构建稀疏性,进而实现快速且可扩展的推断。通过模拟和两个案例研究,展示了实际可行性和有用性,探讨了恒星耀斑的检测以及狮子迁徙的建模。

英文摘要:

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are powerful tools for analysing time series data that depend on discrete underlying but unobserved states. As such, they have gained prominence across numerous empirical disciplines, in particular ecology, medicine, and economics. However, the increasing complexity of empirical data is often accompanied by additional latent structure such as spatial effects, temporal trends, or measurement perturbations. Gaussian fields provide an attractive building block for incorporating such structured latent variation into HMMs. Fast inference methods for Gaussian fields have emerged through the stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) approach. Due to their sparse representation, these integrate well with novel frequentist estimation methods for random-effects models via the use of automatic differentiation and the Laplace approximation. Scaling to high dimensions requires tools such as (R)TMB to exploit sparsity in the Hessian w.r.t. the latent variables - a property satisfied by SPDE fields but violated by the HMM likelihood. We present a modified forward algorithm to compute the HMM likelihood, constructing sparsity in the Hessian and consequently enabling fast and scalable inference. We demonstrate the practical feasibility and the usefulness through simulations and two case studies exploring the detection of stellar flares as well as modelling the movement of lions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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