在电信波段高效生成纠缠光子的非线性超材料与ScAlN/GaN异质结构集成
Efficient generation of entangled photons in the telecommunications range using nonlinear metasurfaces integrated with ScAlN/GaN heterostructures
AI总结：
本文提出利用ScAlN/GaN量子阱与介电超材料集成的新方法，通过非线性效应实现高效参量下转换，生成电信波段纠缠光子，提升量子通信与计算性能。
摘要：
纠缠光子提供非经典相关性，使测量灵敏度超越经典极限，支持可扩展的容错量子计算和根本安全的量子通信，是下一代量子技术的基础需求。本文提出并分析了一种基于ScAlN/GaN量子阱与介电超材料集成的新型纠缠光子源。GaN量子阱中的大二阶子带非线性，由于强内建电场与超材料优化的优越模式耦合性能，导致在电信波段高效产生纠缠光子。我们开发了严格的海森堡-朗之万正式主义，包括所有场的场量子化、耗散和波动、热噪声的参量放大和零点波动等效应。所提出的利用新兴光子材料ScAlN的方法，有望在仅0.5μm厚的紧凑集成结构中实现超过10^10 s^{-1}的双光子生成率，同时缓解阻碍氮化物异质结构在红外和可见光波段量子光子应用进展的应变问题。本结果对量子传感、量子信息和计算等众多应用具有相关性。
英文摘要：
Entangled photons provide non-classical correlations that enable measurement sensitivities beyond classical limits, scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation, and fundamentally secure quantum communication, making them a foundational necessity for next-generation quantum technologies. Here we propose and analyze a novel source of entangled photons based on ScAlN/GaN quantum wells integrated with dielectric metasurfaces. Giant second-order intersubband nonlinearity of the GaN quantum wells with strain-compensated delta-doped ScAlN barriers caused by strong built-in electric fields combined with superior mode-coupling performance of metasurfaces optimized by inverse design give rise to efficient parametric down-conversion and generation of entangled photons in the telecom range. We develop a rigorous Heisenberg-Langevin formalism which includes field quantization, dissipation and fluctuations for all fields, parametric amplification of thermal noise and zero-point fluctuations, and other relevant effects. Our proposed approach of employing the emergent photonic material ScAlN promises high biphoton generation rate over $10^{10}$ s$^{-1}$ from a compact integrated structure that is only 0.5 $μ$m thick while mitigating strain-related issues that have so far impeded progress of nitride-based heterostructures for quantum photonic applications into the infrared and visible wavelengths. Our result therefore is relevant for numerous applications ranging from quantum sensing, quantum information, and computing.
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