扰动Hofstadter Q-递归中的二元频率律、时钟动力学与缺陷标度
A Dyadic Frequency Law for a Perturbed Hofstadter $Q$-Recursion
AI总结:
研究扰动Hofstadter Q-递归的值频率与二元波动结构,证明了显式二元频率律,并通过重正化缺陷与辅助时钟过程揭示了二元缺陷的精确恒等式及标度行为。
摘要:
我们研究扰动Hofstadter Q-递归:Q(1)=Q(2)=1, Q(n)=Q(n-Q(n-1))+Q(n-Q(n-2))+(-1)^n (n≥3)。我们考察其值频率与二元波动结构。第一个主要结果是显式二元频率律:若F(s)表示值2s-1的出现次数,则对每个k≥0,作为多重集有{F(s):2^k≤s<2^{k+1}} = {3+ν_2(j):1≤j≤2^k}。证明使用了Cloître的二元交织结构、二元击中时间恒等式以及针对平台零游程的诱导秩提升机制。我们还通过重正化缺陷R(n)=Q(2n)-2Q(n)研究对精确二元标度的偏离。引入辅助时钟过程t_1(n)=n-Q(n-1),我们证明精确恒等式R(n)=2t_1(n+1)-t_1(2n+1)-1,该式将二元缺陷完全用单个延迟时钟动力学表示。数值计算进一步表明跨二元尺度的相干波动轮廓以及在log_2 n尺度上的近似对数自相似性。结合Cloître的渐近估计Q(n)=n/2+O(n/√log n),这些结果提示扰动递归中存在非平凡的递归二元标度结构。
英文摘要:
We study the perturbed Hofstadter $Q$-recursion $$ Q(1)=Q(2)=1,\qquad Q(n)=Q(n-Q(n-1))+Q(n-Q(n-2))+(-1)^n \quad (n\ge 3). $$ Cloître proved that the recursion is globally well-defined and encoded its odd- and even-indexed subsequences by exact binary arches and canonical plane forests. Since every value is odd, let $$ F(s)=\#\{n\ge 1:Q(n)=2s-1\}. $$ We prove that, for every $k\ge 0$, $$ \{F(s):2^k\le s<2^{k+1}\} = \{3+ν_2(j):1\le j\le 2^k\} $$ as multisets. Thus the theorem determines the multiplicities of the frequencies in each dyadic block, but not their order. The proof converts frequencies into plateau local times, folds paired gap degrees under reversal-complementation, and identifies the resulting multiset with the degree multiset of a canonical tree. An ordered central-pair lemma is the boundary step that makes the dyadic cut exact.
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