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arXiv 2603.14752stat.ME
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具有有限样本校准保证的先验和似然自由概率推断

Prior- and likelihood-free probabilistic inference with finite-sample calibration guarantees

Wake Forest University(韦克森林大学);University of Michigan(密歇根大学)

Leonardo Cella, Emily C. Hector

AI总结:

本文提出一种无需先验和似然的推断模型,通过有限样本校准保证进行全概率不确定性量化。方法基于模拟数据与观测数据的一致性排序,并利用置换不变函数实现计算简单的校准重标定。

摘要:

受参数模型中似然无法解析、数值不稳定或计算成本过高启发,本文开发了一种无需先验和似然的推断框架,用于具有有限样本校准保证的全概率不确定性量化。该方法通过根据模型模拟数据与观测数据的一致性对候选参数值进行排序,并利用置换不变函数(如深度函数)对排名进行重标定,从而实现对错误声明的频率控制。通过四个示例(包括差分隐私和伊辛模型)和美国2025年麻疹爆发空间配置的分析,展示了该方法的广泛适用性和实用性。

英文摘要:

Motivated by parametric models for which the likelihood is analytically unavailable, numerically unstable, or prohibitively expensive to compute or optimize, we develop a prior- and likelihood-free framework for fully probabilistic (Bayesian-like) uncertainty quantification with finite-sample calibration guarantees. Our method, a type of inferential model, produces data-dependent degrees of belief about claims concerning the unknown parameter while controlling the frequency with which high belief is assigned to false claims, even in finite-sample settings. Our procedure is general in that it requires only the ability to simulate from the model. We first rank candidate parameter values according to how well data simulated from the model agree with the observed data, and then rescale these rankings in a way that yields the desired finite-sample calibration guarantees. The key idea is to employ a permutation-invariant function, such as a depth function, to rank parameter values. We show that such a choice yields closed-form calibration rescaling calculations, making the procedure computationally simple. We illustrate our method's broad appeal with four examples, including differential privacy and Ising models. An analysis of the spatial configuration of 2025 measles outbreaks in the U.S. showcases our method's practical advantages.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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