比较物理与其他STEM学科在主要声明、退学、迁移和完成率上的差异
Comparing major declaration, attrition, migration, and completion in physics with other STEM disciplines
AI总结：
研究利用十年数据比较物理与其他STEM学科在学生声明专业、退学及毕业率上的趋势，发现物理学生数量最少，退学率最高，且女性比例最低，揭示了不平等文化问题。
摘要：
本研究利用美国一所大型公立大学十年机构数据，探讨本科学生在声明专业、退学及获得学位的趋势，特别比较物理与其他学科。研究发现，物理学科学生人数最少，退学率最高，且女性比例最低。采用公平框架分析，认为这些发现反映了不平等和非包容的文化问题。建议可能涉及刻板印象、大一物理课程未能激励学生以及大型物理系对招生和保留的漠视。
英文摘要：
This research uses 10 years of institutional data at a large public university in the USA to investigate trends in the undergraduate majors students declare, drop, and earn degrees, especially comparing physics to other disciplines. We find that physics has the lowest number of students of all science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines and it also has the highest rates of attrition of students who declare a major. While many STEM disciplines have students migrating both in and out of those majors, physics primarily has a uni-directional migration of students out of the major. Furthermore, physics has the lowest percentage of women undergraduate majors. Using an equity framework, we view these findings as signatures of inequitable and non-inclusive culture. We suggest that important roles may be played by stereotypes such as the incorrect belief that physics is accessible only to brilliant men, the issue of first-year college physics courses failing to energize students, and apathy in large physics departments toward improving intentional recruitment and retention of physics majors.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
