一种用于复杂边界上具有滞后效应的接触线动力学建模的3D锐利且保守的VOF方法
A 3D sharp and conservative VOF method for modeling the contact line dynamics with hysteresis on complex boundaries
AI总结：
本文提出了一种3D锐利且保守的VOF方法，用于模拟复杂边界上的接触线动力学，通过改进的VOF输运方案和新型接触角施加技术，实现了更精确的润湿动态建模。
摘要：
我们提出了一种锐利且保守的3D数值方法，用于模拟复杂几何上移动接触线的动力学。该方法是在耦合几何体积分数（VOF）和嵌入边界框架内开发的。主要贡献之一是修改的VOF输运和重构方案，专门设计用于含有液体、气体和固体相的混合单元。该公式确保在任意形状嵌入边界存在的情况下严格局部质量守恒。为克服由于小切割单元导致的严重时间步长限制，引入了重新分布输运策略，该策略完全消除了CFL约束，同时保持局部和全局体积守恒。第二项关键贡献是基于高度函数框架的新型3D接触角施加技术。通过结合预拟合抛物面过程，该方法实现了稳健的曲率估计和对不规则固体表面的准确接触角条件施加。此外，接触角滞后效应被建模以捕捉更真实的润湿动力学。一系列具有挑战性的基准测试已被进行，以证明所提出方法的准确性、鲁棒性和优越性，与现有锐利界面方法相比。本研究首次建立了完全几何且保守的基于VOF的方案，能够准确解析任意复杂3D表面上的接触线动力学。
英文摘要：
We propose a sharp and conservative 3D numerical method for simulating moving contact lines on complex geometries, developed within a coupled geometric Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) and embedded boundary framework. The first major contribution is a modified VOF advection and reconstruction scheme specifically designed for mixed cells containing liquid, gas, and solid phases. This formulation ensures strict local mass conservation in the presence of arbitrarily shaped embedded boundaries. To overcome the severe time-step limitation caused by small cut cells, a redistribution advection strategy is introduced, which completely removes the CFL constraint while preserving both local and global volume conservation. The second key contribution is a novel 3D contact angle imposition technique built upon the height function framework. By incorporating a pre-fitting paraboloid procedure, the method achieves robust curvature estimation and accurate enforcement of contact angle conditions on irregular solid surfaces. In addition, contact angle hysteresis is modeled to capture more realistic wetting dynamics. A series of challenging benchmark tests have been conducted to demonstrate the accuracy, robustness, and superiority of the proposed method compared with existing sharp-interface approaches. This study, for the first time, establishes a fully geometric and conservative VOF-based scheme capable of accurately resolving contact line dynamics on arbitrarily complex 3D surfaces.
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