小向心加速度下的拉姆伯特移位显著改变
Significant modifications of Lamb shift at small centripetal accelerations
AI总结：
研究发现小向心加速度下原子的拉姆伯特移位因极化方向不同而呈现各向异性，且在特定角速度条件下可与惯性拉姆伯特移位相当。
摘要：
我们研究了受电磁真空波动耦合的向心加速原子的拉姆伯特移位。聚焦于非常小的轨道半径（使得切向速度保持非相对论性且适当的向心加速度可以非常小），我们表明所得到的能级移位本质上是各向异性的，并且对原子极化方向敏感。对于沿旋转轴可极化的原子，非惯性贡献仅在轨道半径的二次项中出现，可以略微减少或增加能级间距，具体取决于角速度范围。相反，对于垂直于旋转轴可极化的原子，非惯性贡献在半径的主导项中出现，并且总是增加能级间距。值得注意的是，当角速度远大于跃迁频率时，由旋转引起的修正可以与惯性拉姆伯特移位相媲美，表明即使在向心加速度非常小的范围内，圆周运动也可以显著改变拉姆伯特移位。
英文摘要：
We investigate the Lamb shift of centripetally accelerated atoms coupled to electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations. Focusing on a very small orbital radius (so that the tangential speed remains nonrelativistic and the proper centripetal acceleration can be extremely small), we show that the resulting level shift is intrinsically anisotropic and depends sensitively on the atomic polarization direction. For atoms polarizable along the rotation axis, the leading noninertial contribution enters only at second order in the orbital radius and can slightly increase the energy-level spacing. For atoms polarizable perpendicular to the rotation axis, the noninertial contribution appears already at zeroth order in the radius and always increases the energy-level spacing. Remarkably, when the angular velocity greatly exceeds the transition frequency, the rotation-induced correction can become comparable in magnitude to the inertial Lamb shift, indicating that circular motion can significantly modify the Lamb shift even in the regime of very small centripetal accelerations.
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