从z=14到z=5的FirstLight模拟中星系尺寸的加速演化
Accelerated size evolution in the FirstLight simulations from z=14 to z=5
AI总结：
研究通过FirstLight模拟揭示了从z=14到z=5星系尺寸的加速演化，发现尺寸-质量关系在宇宙黎明时期显著变化，主要由恒星光与尘埃的相互作用驱动。
摘要：
星系在宇宙最初的Gyr中生长非常迅速，主要由高星系效率驱动，特别是在z>5时尤为相关。这种效率与这些早期星系内部的高气体密度和/或紧凑气体分布有关。我们希望了解从z=14到z=5的宇宙黎明时期星系尺寸的演化及其主要驱动因素。我们使用FirstLight数据库中的430个zoom-in宇宙学模拟和辐射传输计算，生成七个JWST波段的合成图像。我们添加了受最近JWST深天文观测调查启发的观测效应。尺寸-质量关系在z≈14时已经存在，并且在固定质量下显示出星系尺寸的多样性。扩展（紧凑）星系倾向于具有更高的（较低的）特定恒星形成率（sSFR）。质量依赖的斜率没有显著变化。这由恒星光与尘埃之间的复杂相互作用驱动。差异尘埃消光会淡化星系中心，并使其更大，修改即使在余弦光学框架下质量-尺寸斜率。在固定质量下，星系尺寸的演化非常迅速，因为尺寸-质量关系的标准化在z≈14到z≈6之间增加了0.5个数量级，仅在600 Myr内。恒星形成表面密度随着红移增加，由更高的sSFR和更高的红移下更小的尺寸驱动。在宇宙黎明时期，固定恒星质量下的尺寸演化加速，由z≥5时的星系效率增加驱动。
英文摘要：
Galaxies grow very rapidly during the first Gyr of the Universe, mostly driven by high galaxy efficiencies, particularly relevant at $z>5$. This efficiency is related to high gas densities and/or compact gas distributions within these early galaxies. We want to understand the evolution of the size of galaxies at cosmic dawn, from $z=14$ to $z=5$ and its main drivers. We use the FirstLight database of 430 zoom-in cosmological simulations and radiative transfer calculations to generate synthetic images in seven JWST bands. We add observational effects, inspired by recent JWST deep extragalactic surveys. The size-mass relation is already in place at $z\simeq14$ and it shows a large diversity of galaxy sizes at a fixed mass. Extended (compact) galaxies tend to have higher (lower) specific star-formation rate (sSFR). The mass-dependent slope does not evolve significantly. This is driven by a complex interaction between stellar light and dust. Differential dust attenuation dims galaxy centers and it makes larger sizes, modifying the mass-size slope even in the rest-frame optical. At a fixed mass, galaxy size evolves very fast, as the normalization of the size-mass relation increases by 0.5 dex between $z\simeq14$ and $z\simeq6$, in 600 Myr. The SFR surface density increases with redshift, driven by higher sSFRs and smaller sizes at higher redshifts. Size evolution at a fixed stellar mass accelerates at cosmic dawn, driven by an increasing galaxy efficiency at $z\geq5$.
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