解答意识的易问题的系统方法基于可执行的认知系统
A systematic approach to answering the easy problems of consciousness based on an executable cognitive system
AI总结：
本文基于可执行认知系统，系统性地解答意识的易问题，通过学习机制和情绪状态解释认知能力与清醒睡眠的区别。
摘要：
意识是大脑的窗口，反映了许多基本的认知属性，涉及计算和认知机制。Chalmers将这些属性描述为“易问题”，包括辨别、分类和对刺激的反应能力；信息整合；可报告性；信息访问；注意；有意控制；以及清醒与睡眠的区别。这些问题尚未被系统性地解决。本研究基于可执行认知系统及其实现的计算机制，首次尝试系统性地解决这些问题，并基于康德提出的概念知识理解。研究指出，辨别、分类、反应、报告和整合信息的能力都可以从系统的学习机制中推导出来；注意和有意控制是目标导向的，可以归因于情绪状态及其信息处理机制；清醒与梦睡眠的区别主要在于刺激的来源。还讨论了执行系统中实现的机制与实证发现之间的联系，并且许多讨论和结论都通过执行系统的演示得到支持。
英文摘要：
Consciousness is the window of the brain and reflects many fundamental cognitive properties involving both computational and cognitive mechanisms. A collection of these properties was described as the "easy problems" by Chalmers, including the ability to discriminate, categorize, and react to stimuli; information integration; reportability; information access; attention; deliberate control; and the difference between wakefulness and sleep. These "easy problems" have not been systematically addressed. This study presents a first attempt to address them systematically based on an executable cognitive system and its implemented computational mechanisms, built upon an understanding of conceptual knowledge proposed by Kant. The study suggests that the abilities to discriminate, categorize, react, report, and integrate information can all be derived from the system's learning mechanism; attention and deliberate control are goal-oriented and can be attributed to emotional states and its information-manipulation mechanism; and the difference between wakefulness and dream sleep lies mainly in the source of stimuli. The connections between the implemented mechanisms in the executive system and conclusions drawn from empirical findings are also discussed, and many of these discussions and conclusions are supported by demonstrations of the executive system.
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