双同步FIFO与FITO类别错误：用于分布式协调的硅验证交互原语
Bisynchronous FIFOs and the FITO Category Mistake: Silicon-Proven Interaction Primitives for Distributed Coordination
AI总结：
本文提出通过双同步FIFO等交互原语取代时间戳协调，挑战FITO假设，为分布式系统提供硅验证的解决方案。
摘要：
双同步FIFO——一种在没有共享全局时间基准的情况下协调独立时钟域之间数据传输的硬件缓冲器——已经设计、形式上验证，并在硅芯片上商业化部署超过四十年。我们从Chapiro的1984年GALS论文开始，回顾了Cummings的格雷码指针技术、Chelcea和Nowick的混合时序接口、Greenstreet的STARI协议以及2015年NVIDIA的pausible双同步FIFO文献，认为这一系列工作构成了对分布式系统中普遍存在的时间向前-only（FITO）假设的硅验证存在证明。核心观点是，基于交互的同步原语——握手、互斥和因果流控制——可以在最苛刻的数字工程层面取代基于时间戳的协调，直接削弱PTP、TSN和传统以太网等协议中的FITO假设。我们还 drew 了芯片内双同步协调与开放原子以太网（OAE）架构之间的结构类比，并将握手——而非时间戳——识别为协调独立因果域的基本原语。
英文摘要：
Bisynchronous FIFOs -- hardware buffers that mediate data transfer between independent clock domains without a shared global timebase -- have been designed, formally verified, and commercially deployed in silicon for over four decades. We survey this literature from Chapiro's 1984 GALS thesis through Cummings's Gray-code pointer techniques, Chelcea and Nowick's mixed-timing interfaces, Greenstreet's STARI protocol, and the 2015 NVIDIA pausible bisynchronous FIFO, and argue that this body of work constitutes a silicon-proven existence proof against the Forward-In-Time-Only (FITO) assumption that pervades distributed systems. The central claim is that interaction-based synchronization primitives -- handshakes, mutual exclusion, and causal flow control -- can replace timestamp-based coordination at the most demanding levels of digital engineering, directly undermining the FITO assumption in protocols such as PTP, TSN, and conventional Ethernet. We draw a structural parallel between on-chip bisynchronous coordination and the Open Atomic Ethernet (OAE) architecture, and identify the handshake -- not the timestamp -- as the fundamental primitive for coordination between independent causal domains.
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