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arXiv 2603.02205cs.SD
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空间音频线索的解析性探索:一种可微多球体散射模型

Analytical Exploration of Spatial Audio Cues: A Differentiable Multi-Sphere Scattering Model

Perceptual Intelligence & Reality Lab, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA(感知智能与现实实验室,马里兰大学,College Park, MD, USA)

Siminfar Samakoush Galougah, Pranav Pulijala, Ramani Duraiswami

AI总结:

本文提出了一种可微多球体散射模型,用于准确建模水下和陆地环境中的空间音频线索,通过结合机器学习优化主动定位和移动源跟踪。

摘要:

在开发合成空间听觉系统,尤其是在水下环境中,准确建模声音散射是一个主要挑战。生物体通过利用声音在身体上的散射来产生依赖于位置的双耳水平和时间差(ITD/ILD)以实现三维空间听觉。虽然基于刚性散射的头相关传输函数(HRTF)模型足以满足陆地人类的需求,但在水下环境中由于水和软组织之间的近阻抗匹配,这些模型失效。受水下动物的声学解剖结构启发,我们引入了一种新颖的、解析得出的、闭合形式的散射前向模型,用于散射来自半透明球体中两个刚性球形散射体的散射。该模型准确地将声源方向、频率和材料属性映射到压力场,捕捉了多层可穿透结构的复杂物理特性。关键的是,我们的模型在完全可微的设置中实现,使它能够与机器学习算法结合,以优化用于主动定位的成本函数。我们通过一种基于物理的频率加权方案展示了在噪声下的定位增强收敛性,并通过具有解析计算雅可比矩阵的扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)展示了准确的移动源跟踪。我们的工作表明,不同可微散射模型从分层刚性和透明几何体的散射提供了新的基础,用于利用基于散射的空间线索的麦克风阵列,适用于陆地和水下应用。我们的模型将被开源。

英文摘要:

A primary challenge in developing synthetic spatial hearing systems, particularly underwater, is accurately modeling sound scattering. Biological organisms achieve 3D spatial hearing by exploiting sound scattering off their bodies to generate location-dependent interaural level and time differences (ITD/ILD). While Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF) models based on rigid scattering suffice for terrestrial humans, they fail in underwater environments due to the near-impedance match between water and soft tissue. Motivated by the acoustic anatomy of underwater animals, we introduce a novel, analytically derived, closed-form forward model for scattering from a semi-transparent sphere containing two rigid spherical scatterers. This model accurately maps source direction, frequency, and material properties to the pressure field, capturing the complex physics of layered, penetrable structures. Critically, our model is implemented in a fully differentiable setting, enabling its integration with a machine learning algorithm to optimize a cost function for active localization. We demonstrate enhanced convergence for localization under noise using a physics-informed frequency weighting scheme, and present accurate moving-source tracking via an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) with analytically computed Jacobians. Our work suggests that differentiable models of scattering from layered rigid and transparent geometries offer a promising new foundation for microphone arrays that leverage scattering-based spatial cues over conventional beamforming, applicable to both terrestrial and underwater applications. Our model will be made open source.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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