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arXiv 2603.02110astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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基于模板的搜索:利用公共NANOGrav 15年数据集寻找大尺度结构相关的纳赫兹引力波背景的各向异性

A Template-Based Search for Large-Scale-Structure--Correlated Anisotropy in the Nanohertz Gravitational-Wave Background Using the Public NANOGrav 15-Year Data Set

Ningbo University(宁波大学)

Yun Fang

AI总结:

该研究利用NANOGrav 15年数据集,通过模板方法探索纳赫兹引力波背景与大尺度结构的相关性,未发现显著证据,但为未来PTA各向异性搜索提供了方法框架。

摘要:

最近的脉冲星自转速率分析报告了纳赫兹共同频谱过程的证据,这促使了针对任何随机引力波背景(SGWB)的各向异性成分是否与附近的大尺度结构(LSS)相关联的定向测试,这与由超大质量黑洞双星主导的天体物理背景预期相符。我们提出了第一个贝叶斯PTA似然分析,该分析将外部观测的全天空星系调查LSS模板直接作为重叠减少函数(ORF)组件嵌入其中。使用2MASS光度红移(2MPZ)星系目录,我们在两个红移切片(0<z≤0.1和0.1<z≤0.2)中构建了低多极LSS相关的ORF模板,并将PTA交叉相关性建模为Γ_ab=Γ^HD_ab+Σ_i ε_i Γ^LSS(i)_ab,其中ε_i量化了其角相关性投影到固定2MPZ LSS模板的SGWB组件的振幅。将此框架应用于NANOGrav 15年数据集,我们发现没有统计显著的证据表明存在LSS相关的成分:ε_i在单个bin和双bin分析中均一致于零(例如,ε_1=0.20^{+1.68}_{-1.66}和ε_2=-0.11^{+2.04}_{-1.83};68%可信区间),并贝叶斯因子支持各向同性Hellings-Downs假设(B_{HD+LSS_1,HD}=0.40,B_{HD+LSS_2,HD}=0.43,B_{HD+LSS_{1+2},HD}=0.11)。因此,我们对任何2MPZ追踪的LSS相关贡献于SGWB的上限在z<0.2。更广泛地说,我们的框架提供了一条可重复的路径,将观测到的LSS信息纳入PTA各向异性搜索,并自然地促使扩展到更精细的红移分层和下一代PTA数据集。

英文摘要:

Recent PTA analyses reporting evidence for a nanohertz common-spectrum process motivate targeted tests of whether any anisotropic component of the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) is correlated with the nearby large-scale structure (LSS), as anticipated for an astrophysical background dominated by supermassive black hole binaries. We present the first Bayesian PTA likelihood analysis that embeds an externally observed, full-sky galaxy-survey LSS template directly as an overlap-reduction-function (ORF) component. Using the 2MASS Photometric Redshift (2MPZ) galaxy catalog, we construct low-multipole LSS--correlated ORF templates in two redshift slices ($0<z\le0.1$ and $0.1<z\le0.2$) and model PTA cross-correlations as $Γ_{ab}=Γ^{\rm HD}_{ab}+\sum_i ε_i\,Γ^{\rm LSS(i)}_{ab}$, where $ε_i$ quantifies the amplitude of an SGWB component whose angular correlations project onto the fixed 2MPZ LSS templates. Applying this framework to the NANOGrav 15-year dataset, we find no evidence for an LSS-correlated component: the inferred $ε_i$ values are consistent with zero in both single-bin and two-bin analyses (e.g., $ε_1=0.20^{+1.68}_{-1.66}$ and $ε_2=-0.11^{+2.04}_{-1.83}$; 68\% credible intervals), and Bayes factors favor the isotropic Hellings--Downs hypothesis ($\mathcal{B}_{{\rm HD+LSS}_1,{\rm HD}}=0.40$, $\mathcal{B}_{{\rm HD+LSS}_2,{\rm HD}}=0.43$, $\mathcal{B}_{{\rm HD+LSS}_{1+2},{\rm HD}}=0.11$). We therefore place upper limits on any 2MPZ-traced, LSS-correlated contribution to the SGWB at $z<0.2$. More broadly, our framework provides a reproducible pathway for incorporating observed LSS information into PTA anisotropy searches and naturally motivates extensions to finer redshift tomography and next-generation PTA datasets.

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