Using the POLISH2 polarimeter at the Lick Observatory Shane 3-m and Nickel 1-m telescopes, we discover rotation phase-locked variations in linear polarization to be common among asteroids and a NEO in a clear, 383 to 720 nm bandpass. Essentially all bodies in our eight-year study harbor statistically significant, repeatable linear polarization variations at the $0.01\% = 100$ ppm level or above (1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, 3 Juno, 4 Vesta, 6 Hebe, 7 Iris, 12 Victoria, 15 Eunomia, 16 Psyche, 132 Aethra, 216 Kleopatra, and 65803 Didymos). Since polarimetry is a differential technique, such variations cannot be due to shape changes and must be caused by heterogeneity in surface albedo and/or composition. While (4) Vesta has long been known to exhibit large, repeatable polarization variations across its surface, we discover the variations on (6) Hebe, (12) Victoria, and (65803) Didymos to be 1.5 to 3.5 times as large. We hypothesize that the \textit{DART} impact with Dimorphos blanketed Didymos with depolarizing ejecta, which suggests pristine variations across Didymos to have been even larger. As the only NEO in this study with data quality sufficient to investigate polarization variations, Didymos' huge variations suggest they may be common among NEOs. We also discover optical circular polarization to be enhanced for low-albedo, M type asteroids, which is correlated with their large radar albedos. Thus, we present optical circular polarimetry as an alternative method for the identification of metalliferous bodies.
Thermophysical model for realistic surface layers on airless small bodies: applied to study the spin orientation and surface dust properties of (24) Themis from WISE/NEOWISE multi-epoch thermal lightcurves
Global mapping of fragmented rocks on the Moon with a neural network: Implications for the failure mode of rocks on airless surfaces
Institut für Planetologie, Westfäelische Wilhelm Universität Münster（明斯特大学行星学研究所）；Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern（伯尔尼大学空间与宜居性中心）；ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）
Öpik-type collision frequency for Kozai-driven projectiles: Target bodies on inclined circular orbits
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学深圳校区航空航天学院）；Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Microsatellite Constellation（深圳市智能微卫星星座重点实验室）
Rethinking mass transfer: a unified semi-analytical framework for circular and eccentric binaries. I. Orbital evolution due to conservative mass transfer
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内科克天文研究所）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University（卡迪夫大学物理与天文学学院）；Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven（鲁汶大学天体物理学研究所）；Leuven Gravity Institute, KU Leuven（鲁汶大学鲁汶引力研究所）
