水动力线索的生态记忆影响运动微organisms的生长和迁移
Ecological memory of hydrodynamic cues shapes growth and migration of motile microorganisms
AI总结：
研究探讨了水动力线索对运动微生物生长和迁移的影响，揭示了流体历史如何塑造其未来行为。
摘要：
微生物生活在本质上动态的环境中，其中生物和非生物因素的波动塑造了它们的行为、生理和适应性。生态记忆的概念：先前环境线索的持久印记，表明过去的暴露可能对微生物的生长、适应性和表型表达产生长期影响。对于水生生态系统中的运动微生物，环境变化由流体运动介导，这可能产生一种水动力记忆，即先前对特定时空线索的暴露会影响未来的生长和迁移行为。然而，这种由流体引起的记忆的出现，或其对性状进化和种群动态的长期后果，仍然未被探索。我们整合了微流体流控制、高分辨率细胞追踪和可调水动力线索，以量化Heterosigma akashiwo（一种模型微生物）在不同生长阶段的生长和迁移。通过两种互补的扰动场景：标准（流在静态条件后）和反向（流在静态生长前），我们测试了扰动的时间结构如何影响多代响应。这种组合设计分离了暴露历史与其持续时间，并揭示了先前流如何调节敏感性，产生遗产效应。与静态对照相比，重复的水动力暴露改变了倍增时间、承载能力、重力趋性稳定性以及游泳速度分布；改变生长阶段的进展和对后续扰动的耐受性。这些结果建立了一个关于运动微生物中流体诱导记忆的机制框架，揭示了过去流体线索如何塑造未来的生长和迁移。我们的研究推进了对在自然和工程水动力系统中经历日益增加的变异性下的运动微生物的预测理解。
英文摘要：
Microorganisms live in inherently dynamic environments where fluctuations in biotic and abiotic factors shape their behaviour, physiology, and fitness. The concept of ecological memory: the lasting imprint of prior environmental cues, suggests that past exposures can exert prolonged effects on microbial growth, resilience, and phenotypic expressions. For motile microbes in aquatic ecosystems, environmental variability is mediated by fluid motion, which may engender a form of hydrodynamic memory, whereby prior exposure to specific spatio-temporal cues influence future growth and migratory behaviour. Yet, the emergence of such flow-induced memory, or its long-term consequences for trait evolution and population dynamics, remain unexplored. We integrate millifluidic flow control, high-resolution cell tracking, and tunable hydrodynamic cues to quantify growth and migration of Heterosigma akashiwo, a model microbe, across growth stages. Using two complementary perturbation scenarios: standard (flow after static conditions) and reverse (flow before static growth), we test how the temporal structure of forcing shapes multigenerational responses. This combinatorial design disentangles exposure history from its duration, and reveals how prior flow modulates sensitivity, generating legacy effects. Compared with static controls, repeated hydrodynamic exposure alters doubling time, carrying capacity, gravitactic stability, and swimming speed distributions; shifting growth phase progression and tolerance to subsequent perturbations. These results establish a mechanistic framework for flow-induced memory in motile microbes, revealing how past fluidic cues shape future growth and migration. Our study advances predictive understanding of motile microbes in natural and engineered hydrodynamic systems experiencing increasing variability under global environmental changes.
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