构建可持续经济福利指数（ISEW）及其对政策的响应
Modelling the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) and its response to policies
AI总结：
本文通过动态宏观经济模型COMPASS研究了ISEW对碳税、收入再分配和工作时间减少等政策的响应，发现综合政策效果最佳，但工作时间减少政策会降低ISEW，表明动态建模ISEW有助于预测政策综合影响。
摘要：
鉴于在环境可持续性下实现社会福利的挑战，可持续经济福利指数（ISEW）作为GDP的替代指标出现。ISEW比较经济活动的效益与其社会和环境成本。目前大多数研究分析过去的发展，而无研究使用动态宏观经济模型模拟ISEW。本文通过将ISEW纳入具有生物物理边界和社交阈值的COMPASS生态宏观经济模型，研究了碳税、收入再分配和工作时间减少三种政策对ISEW的影响。结果显示，所有情景下ISEW均增长，综合政策效果最佳，而单独政策多有积极影响，唯工作时间减少政策使ISEW下降。研究强调动态建模ISEW有助于预测多重冲击及其关联对指标的净效应。此外，研究比较ISEW与GDP和 Doughnut 在评估社会和环境政策时的表现，发现ISEW比GDP更能捕捉其影响，但忽略了增长的全部环境成本。Doughnut 以其对生物物理边界和社会阈值的全面描述，为寻求可持续福祉的政策制定者提供更好指导。
英文摘要：
Given the challenge of achieving societal welfare in an environmentally sustainable way, the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) has emerged as an alternative indicator of progress in response to critiques of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The ISEW compares the benefits of economic activity with its social and environmental costs. So far, most studies empirically analyse the ISEW for past developments, while no studies have simulated the ISEW using a dynamic macroeconomic model. We address this important gap by incorporating the ISEW into COMPASS, an ecological macroeconomic model that features the Doughnut of biophysical boundaries and social thresholds. First, we analyse how the ISEW is affected by three social and environmental policies: a carbon tax, income redistribution, and working-time reduction. We find that the ISEW grows in all scenarios. The strongest improvement over business-as-usual arises when all policies are combined, while the individual policies mostly affect the ISEW positively. Only in the case of working-time reduction, the ISEW decreases. Our study underscores the benefit of dynamically modelling the ISEW for anticipating the net effect of multiple impulses and their interconnections on the indicator. Second, we explore how the ISEW compares to GDP and the Doughnut when evaluating social and environmental policies. Our results suggest that the ISEW is better than GDP at capturing their effects, but it omits the full environmental costs of growth. We argue that the Doughnut, with its comprehensive picture of biophysical boundaries and social thresholds, provides better guidance for policymakers striving for sustainable wellbeing.
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