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arXiv 2602.21795astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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经典的大规模三维磁流体动力学模拟:相互作用的脉冲星风 nebulae

Classical, large scale 3D MHD simulations of interacting pulsar wind nebulae

Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)(空间科学研究所);Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚空间研究学院);Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)(加泰罗尼亚高级研究制度)

D. M. -A. Meyer, D. F. Torres

AI总结:

研究通过三维磁流体动力学模拟,探讨脉冲星风 nebula 形状与磁场方向角度的关系及其对无线电特性的影响。

摘要:

磁化旋转中子星,即脉冲星,是大质量恒星演化的可能最终产物。其相对论风依次与其前缀恒星的超新星爆发物质相互作用,然后与前缀恒星的星周介质相互作用,最终与星际介质相互作用。如果大质量恒星相对于其周围介质静止,则其产生的星周介质会沿着局部磁场方向延伸,其超新星遗迹暂时表现为矩形。在其中形成的脉冲星风 nebula 会进一步延伸,只要脉冲星的旋转轴方向与局部磁化方向一致。在本工作中,我们通过PLUTO进行三维磁流体动力学模拟,探讨局部星际介质磁场方向与脉冲星旋转轴方向之间的角度如何影响其脉冲星风 nebula 的形状。我们使用这些模型进行辐射转移计算,以推导脉冲星风 nebula 的非热无线电发射图。当脉冲星的极向延伸发展时,它们在恒星风所挖掘的空腔和已填充的超新星爆发物质的影响下向相反方向弯曲。这导致了磁化超新星爆发物质和脉冲星风的复杂分布,从而产生各种可观察的结构,表现为矩形、圆形或不规则的椭圆形,在无线电波段。脉冲星旋转轴方向与局部环境磁化方向之间的角度是静态大质量恒星脉冲星风 nebula 形状和非热无线电特性的重要参数;然而,一旦脉冲星风 nebula 变得较老(50到80千年),材料的混合则不受该因素显著影响。

英文摘要:

Magnetized rotating neutron stars, or pulsars, are a possible end product of massive star evolution. Their relativistic wind successively interacts with the supernova ejecta of their defunct progenitor, then with the circumstellar medium of the progenitor, and eventually with the interstellar medium. If a massive star is static with respect to its ambient medium, then its resulting circumstellar medium is elongated along the direction of the local magnetic field, and its supernova remnant transiently appears as a rectangle. The pulsar wind nebula forming in it is, in its turn, elongated, as long as the pulsar axis of rotation matches the direction of the local magnetization. In this work, we explore how the angle between the direction of the local magnetic field of the interstellar medium and the pulsar axis of rotation influences the shaping of its pulsar wind nebula with 3D MHD simulations are carried out with the PLUTO. We use those models to perform radiative transfer calculations to derive non-thermal radio emission maps of the pulsar wind nebulae. When the polar elongation of the pulsar develop, they bend in opposite directions under the effects of the cavity carved by the stellar wind and already filled by supernova ejecta. This induces a complex distribution of magnetized supernova ejecta and pulsar wind, resulting in various observable structures, appearing as rectangles, circles, or irregular oblong shapes, in the radio waveband. The angle between the direction of the pulsar rotation axis and that of the local ambient magnetization is a governing parameter for the shaping and non-thermal radio properties of the pulsar wind nebulae of static massive stars; however, the mixing of material, once the pulsar wind nebula is old (50 to 80 kyr), is not strongly affected by that factor.

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