迈向基于NV中心的CMOS集成量子钻石生物传感器
Toward a CMOS-integrated quantum diamond biosensor based on NV centers
AI总结：
基于NV中心的CMOS集成量子钻石生物传感器，通过整合SPAD阵列和微波技术，实现高灵敏度的生物磁成像。
摘要：
我们报告了朝着集成氮空位（NV）中心的量子钻石生物传感平台的进展，该平台结合了钻石中的氮空位中心与定制的40纳米CMOS单光子雪崩二极管（SPAD）阵列。该系统集成了芯片上主动淬灭和数字读取，与外部FPGA基于的光子计数、紧凑的微波传输、以及实际的光学激发和收集方案，以支持宽场光学检测磁共振（ODMR）。系统级设计考虑涵盖了荧光收集效率、探测器计数率能力以及微波均匀性，同时考虑生物相容性和可扩展性。使用超顺磁性铁氧化物纳米粒子（SPION）标记的HEK293T细胞作为代表用例，简单的偶极场估计表明，为了在典型的集体线宽内分辨ODMR变化，需要亚微特斯拉的灵敏度。基于所提出的架构和效率分析，估计了每像素约90nT/√Hz的磁场灵敏度。这些结果概述了从光学为主的量子钻石显微镜向紧凑、CMOS集成的NV基生物传感器转变的实用路径，用于在复杂生物环境中进行定量磁成像。
英文摘要：
We report progress toward a CMOS-integrated quantum diamond biosensing platform that combines nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond with a custom 40 nm CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) array. The system integrates on-chip active quenching and digital readout with external FPGA-based photon counting, compact microwave delivery, and practical optical excitation and collection schemes to support widefield optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). System-level design considerations spanning fluorescence collection efficiency, detector count-rate capability, and microwave homogeneity are analyzed with biological compatibility and scalability in mind. Using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-labeled HEK293T cells as a representative use case, simple dipole-field estimates indicate that sub-$μ$T sensitivity is required to resolve ODMR shifts within typical ensemble linewidths. Based on the proposed architecture and efficiency analysis, a magnetic field sensitivity of approximately 90 nT/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ per pixel is estimated. These results outline a practical path from optics-heavy quantum diamond microscopes toward compact, CMOS-integrated NV-based biosensors for quantitative magnetic imaging in complex biological environments.
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