精确数词系统在交际上有多高效？再次探讨词典规模和形态语法复杂性
How communicatively optimal are exact numeral systems? Once more on lexicon size and morphosyntactic complexity
AI总结：
本研究探讨了精确数词系统在交际效率上的表现，通过分析52种语言的数据，发现许多语言在词典规模与形态语法复杂性之间的平衡上效率较低。
摘要：
最近的研究认为，精确递归数词系统通过在数词词典大小和数词术语的平均形态语法复杂性（大致是词形的长度）之间进行权衡来优化交际效率。我们认为先前的研究未能以一种能够反映语言所展示复杂程度的方式来表征数据。使用来自52种遗传多样性语言的数据以及一个区分可预测和不可预测所有变体（形式变化）的注释方案，我们显示了许多世界语言的表现明显低于预期。我们讨论了我们的发现对数词系统研究以及更广泛的语言演变研究的影响。
英文摘要：
Recent research argues that exact recursive numeral systems optimize communicative efficiency by balancing a tradeoff between the size of the numeral lexicon and the average morphosyntactic complexity (roughly length in morphemes) of numeral terms. We argue that previous studies have not characterized the data in a fashion that accounts for the degree of complexity languages display. Using data from 52 genetically diverse languages and an annotation scheme distinguishing between predictable and unpredictable allomorphy (formal variation), we show that many of the world's languages are decisively less efficient than one would expect. We discuss the implications of our findings for the study of numeral systems and linguistic evolution more generally.
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