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arXiv 2602.18294astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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单头和双头奇无线电圈在LOFAR调查中的发现

Single- and double-headed odd radio circles in the LOFAR surveys

Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg（汉堡天文台，汉堡大学）；Thüringer Landessternwarte（图林根州立天文台）；Universidad de Guanajuato（瓜纳华托大学）；Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München（慕尼黑大学物理学院大学天文台）；Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago（芝加哥大学天体物理学系）；ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy（荷兰射电天文研究所 ASTRON）；Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内克天文研究所）；Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire（赫特福德郡大学物理、天文与数学系）；INAF - Istituto di Radioastronomia（意大利国家天体物理研究所射电天文研究所）

F. De Gasperin, M. Brüggen, T. Pasini, H. Andernach, A. Ivleva, C. Spingola, L. M. Böss, J. Callingham, M. Hardcastle, G. Di Gennaro

备注：
13 pages, accepted A&A
发表信息：
A&A 709, A154 (2026)
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AI总结：

本文通过LOFAR调查发现更多奇无线电圈，分析其特征并确认其与大椭圆星系的关联，揭示其物理尺寸与频谱指数的关系。

摘要：

深空无线电调查现已产生包含数百万个无线电源的目录。无线电源的复杂形态取决于产生机制和局部环境。最近，一种名为'奇无线电圈'（ORCs）的不寻常圆形无线电源被识别出来。它们的大小约为1弧分，具有圆形或椭圆形的形状，并表现出边缘明亮的现象。后续观测表明，此类源可能包含多种类型。尽管有各种解释尝试，但其起源仍不清楚。本文的主要目标是增加已知ORCs的数量，并推导出共同特征以帮助确定这些源的起源。我们通过参数过滤和视觉检查在LOFAR双米天空调查（LoTSS）数据释放3（DR3）上的144 MHz数据中搜索ORCs。然后我们确定可能的光学对应物，并利用进一步的54和1400 MHz无线电数据推导出红移、物理尺寸和频谱指数等信息。我们分离出18个具有ORC结构的源。其中四个是双头ORCs（具有两个环的ORCs），两个是新发现。我们还发现了五个新的单头ORCs和九个候选ORCs。通过这项工作，我们显著扩展了已知ORCs的人口。我们的发现确认ORCs是罕见且异质的无线电源群体。我们确认大多数情况下与大椭圆星系相关，并注意到ORCs的物理尺寸与其积分频谱指数之间的关系，小ORCs避免陡峭的频谱。

英文摘要：

Deep radio surveys are now producing catalogs with millions of radio sources. Radio sources can have complex morphologies that depend on both the production mechanisms and the local environment. Recently, an unusual class of circular radio sources named "odd radio circles" (ORCs) were identified. They have sizes of about 1 arcmin, a circular/elliptical shape and appear edge-brightened. Subsequent observations have suggested that this class may comprise a variety of sources. Despite various attempts to explain them, their origin remains unclear. The main goal of this work is to increase the number of known ORCs and derive common characteristics that can help identify the origin of these sources. We searched the LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) Data Release 3 (DR3) at 144 MHz for ORCs using a combination of parameter filtering on catalog entries and visual inspection. We then identified possible optical counterparts and derived information such as redshift, physical size, and spectral index using further radio data at 54 and 1400 MHz. We isolated 18 sources with ORC structures. Four of these are double-headed ORCs (ORCs with two rings), and two are new discoveries. We also found five new single-headed ORCs and nine candidate ORCs. With this work we significantly expand the population of known ORCs. Our findings confirm that ORCs are a rare and heterogenous population of radio sources. We confirm the association with large ellipticals in most cases, and we note a relation between the ORCs' physical sizes and their integrated spectral indexes, with small ORCs avoiding steep spectra.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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