非药物干预重塑网络免疫接种结果
Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Reshape Network Immunization Outcomes
AI总结：
非药物干预影响群体免疫策略的有效性，自然免疫在高接触环境下优于疫苗接种。
摘要：
群体免疫不仅由传染病的传播能力或宿主人群的接触结构决定，还由个体如何以及在什么情况下获得免疫力的方式决定。免疫策略可能与正在进行的非药物干预相互作用，这些干预通常旨在减少社交接触数量。我们证明这些相互作用可以导致出人意料的强且反直觉的效果对群体免疫产生影响。我们探讨了这些现象在空间嵌入接触网络上的表现，并揭示了疾病引起的免疫方案与疫苗引起的免疫方案相对有效性发生逆转的现象，突显了平均接触数作为新兴群体免疫的关键决定因素。在稀疏几何网络中，具有有限度异质性的网络中，均匀接种证明最为有效；然而，随着平均接触数增加，自然获得的免疫力最终成为更好的策略。我们证明这种现象不仅可能在合成网络中出现，还可能在现实世界中混合网络中出现，观察到在多个国家的非药物干预期间出现。
英文摘要：
Herd immunity is shaped not only by the infection capacity of a spreading epidemic or the contact structure of the hosting population, but also by how and under what circumstances individuals acquire immunity. Immunization strategies may interact with ongoing non-pharmaceutical interventions, which commonly aim to reduce social contact numbers. We demonstrate that these interactions can induce unexpectedly strong and counterintuitive effects on herd immunity. We explore these phenomena on spatially embedded contact networks and uncover a reversal in the relative effectiveness of disease- versus vaccine-induced immunization schemes, highlighting the average number of contacts as a critical determinant of emerging herd immunity. In sparse geometric networks with limited degree heterogeneity, uniform vaccination proves most effective; however, as average contact numbers increase, naturally acquired immunity ultimately becomes the better strategy. We show that this phenomenon may emerge not only in synthetic networks but also in real-world mixing networks, observed during non-pharmaceutical intervention periods across multiple states of the United States.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
