用钍核钟探测兆普朗克尺度的超轻暗物质
Probing Ultralight Dark Matter at the Mega-Planck Scale with the Thorium Nuclear Clock
AI总结：
利用钍核钟的高灵敏度探测超轻暗物质，设定质量范围内的最强限制，并探测到兆普朗克尺度的相互作用
摘要：
超轻暗物质预计会引发核参数的振荡。这些振荡的特点是极弱的耦合或高抑制尺度，普朗克尺度——量子引力的特征尺度——作为自然的基准。探测这一现象需要对核能变化有极高灵敏度的系统。${}^{229}$Th中独特的低能核同位素跃迁提供了这种灵敏度：它直接探测核相互作用，并且由于电磁和核贡献之间的近似抵消，其对核结构变化的响应被大大放大。我们设计并执行了一种新的超灵敏暗物质搜索方法，利用JILA的精密核光谱学，在质量范围$10^{-21}\,{\rm eV} \lesssim m_{\rm DM} \lesssim 10^{-19}\,{\rm eV}$内设定了最强的限制。我们的结果探测到有效相互作用尺度超过普朗克尺度$10^6$倍（兆普朗克尺度），并确立了${}^{229}$Th系统作为暗物质与核领域耦合的领先探测器。
英文摘要：
Ultralight dark matter is expected to induce oscillations of nuclear parameters. These oscillations are characterized by extremely weak couplings or high suppression scales, with the Planck scale - the characteristic scale of quantum gravity - serving as a natural benchmark. Probing this phenomenon requires systems with exceptional sensitivity to shifts in nuclear energies. The uniquely low-energy nuclear isomeric transition in ${}^{229}$Th provides such sensitivity: it directly probes the nuclear interaction and, owing to a near cancellation between electromagnetic and nuclear contributions, its response to changes in nuclear structure is greatly amplified. We devise and perform a new type of ultrasensitive search for dark matter which uses the precision nuclear spectroscopy at JILA to set the strongest bounds in the mass range $10^{-21}\,{\rm eV} \lesssim m_{\rm DM} \lesssim 10^{-19}\,{\rm eV}$. Our results probe effective interaction scales exceeding $10^6$ times the Planck scale (the Mega-Planck scale) and establish the ${}^{229}$Th system as the leading probe of dark matter couplings to the nuclear sector.
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