可穿戴外骨骼能否减少建筑业中性别和残疾差距？
Can Wearable Exoskeletons Reduce Gender and Disability Gaps in the Construction Industry?
AI总结：
本研究探讨可穿戴外骨骼如何通过提升手动灵活性、平衡和力量，减少建筑业中性别和残疾差距。
摘要：
在技能劳动力持续短缺的背景下，女性和残疾人占建筑业工作的比例一直保持低迷。本研究探讨了可穿戴辅助技术减少这些差距的潜力。我们使用美国工人层面的数据，估算按性别和按移动/力量障碍在建筑业和非建筑业工作中的就业和工资差异。我们还使用职业层面的数据，检查详细建筑职业中劳动力构成、身体技能要求和收入的变化。回归估计表明，作为女性和有力量和移动障碍与建筑业相比非建筑业工作存在显著的就业和薪酬差距。进一步分析显示，女性的代表性与职业所需能力水平之间存在高度负相关。最后，我们讨论了几种正在开发的可穿戴外骨骼，用于上半身和下半身障碍者，重点是这些创新如何整合到建筑工作中。这些发现表明，能够提高手动灵活性、平衡和力量的可穿戴外骨骼可能改善女性和残疾人在一些高薪建筑职业中的代表性。
英文摘要：
The share of construction trade jobs held by women and people with disabilities has remained stubbornly low in the face of chronic shortages of skilled labor. This study explores the potential of wearable assistive technologies to reduce these disparities. We use U.S. worker-level data to estimate employment and wage differences by gender and by mobility/strength impairments in construction and non-construction jobs. We also use occupational-level data to examine variations in workforce composition, physical skill requirements, and earnings across detailed construction occupations. Regression estimates indicate that being a woman and having strength and mobility impairments are associated with substantial employment and pay gaps in construction compared to non-construction jobs. Further analysis shows a high negative correlation between the representation of women and the ability levels required in those occupations. Finally, we discuss several wearable exoskeletons under development for people with upper-body and lower-body impairments, focusing on how these innovations could be integrated into construction jobs. These findings suggest that wearable exoskeletons that enhance manual dexterity, balance, and strength may improve the representation of women and people with disabilities in some of the higher-paying occupations in construction.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
