通过非互易增强的参数泵浦熔化库仑簇
Nonreciprocal interactions drive intermittent melting of Coulomb clusters
AI总结：
研究通过非互易增强的参数泵浦机制，揭示了库仑簇在等离子体鞘中因非互易相互作用引发的间歇性振荡及熔化过程。
摘要：
非平衡复杂系统常常经历在静止和高度动态状态之间间歇性振荡。间歇性的类型取决于能量如何注入系统以及如何耗散。虽然间歇性通常由随机噪声或外部驱动引起，能量也可以来自由粒子之间的场介导相互作用提供的来源，这些相互作用通常是非互易的，并且实际上违反了牛顿第三定律。在这里，我们展示了非互易相互作用如何在被限制在等离子体鞘中的带电微米级粒子簇中产生间歇性。通过三维粒子追踪，我们观察到由等离子体环境波动引起的垂直振荡可以与水平模式参数耦合。实验和模拟显示，非互易相互作用强烈放大这种参数耦合，产生一个正反馈回路，驱动水平和垂直模式的爆炸性增长。这种机制触发了从有序簇到ergodic气体态的突然熔化转变，并导致在长时间尺度上在状态之间间歇性切换。总体而言，我们的工作识别出非互易相互作用是强耦合有限系统将相互作用介导的活动转化为动态非平衡状态的关键机制。
英文摘要：
Complex systems out of equilibrium often experience intermittent oscillations between quiescent and highly dynamic states. While intermittency is usually driven by stochastic noise or external forcing, energy can also be sourced from field-mediated interactions between particles, which are often nonreciprocal and effectively violate Newton's 3rd law. Here we demonstrate how nonreciprocal interactions produce intermittency in clusters of charged micron-sized particles confined in a plasma sheath. Using three-dimensional particle tracking, we observe that vertical oscillations, induced by a noisy plasma environment, are parametrically coupled to the horizontal vibrational modes. Experiments and simulations show that nonreciprocal interactions strongly amplify this coupling, injecting energy into the system. This mechanism triggers explosive melting transitions from an ordered cluster to an ergodic gas-like state, and leads to intermittent switching between states over long time. Overall, our work identifies nonreciprocal interactions as a key mechanism through which strongly-coupled finite systems transform interaction-mediated activity into dynamical nonequilibrium states.
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