一种用于电纺和电喷中的稳健截断域方法
A Robust Truncated-Domain Approach for Cone--Jet Simulations in Electrospinning and Electrospraying
AI总结：
本文提出一种稳健的截断域方法，通过全域静电模拟获得精确电场分布，用于高效模拟电纺和电喷中的锥形喷射模式，提升预测能力。
摘要：
电纺和电喷的直接数值模拟由于针与收集器距离之间的大尺度分离而计算上极具挑战性。针附近出现的锥形喷射模式源于表面张力、粘性应力、惯性和电应力之间的微妙平衡。该模式在确定喷射后续的不稳定性及最终在收集器上的结果中起着核心作用。截断域模拟提供了一种可行的替代方法，但严重依赖远场静电边界条件的准确性。现有的基于电势分析表达式的截断域方法系统性地低估了针尖附近的电场，并需要由先前实验或全域模拟指导的经验调整，从而限制了其预测能力。本文提出了一种通用的截断域框架，用于电hydrodynamic (EHD) 模拟锥形喷射模式，以避免这些限制。我们的方法利用低成本的全域静电模拟来获得针附近的精确电场和电势分布，然后将其作为边界条件应用于截断域内的EHD模拟。与全域EHD模拟和实验数据的比较表明，所提出的方法能够准确再现锥形喷射形状以及关键物理量，包括电流、电荷分布、速度场和Maxwell应力，同时在显著更小的域大小上收敛。该方法消除了可调参数，不需要事先了解锥形喷射配置，并显著降低了计算成本，为研究电hydrodynamic锥形喷射流提供了可靠且可预测的框架。
英文摘要：
Direct numerical simulations of electrospinning and electrospraying are computationally demanding due to large-scale separation between the needle and the tip-to-collector distance. The cone-jet mode that occurs in the vicinity of the needle arises from a delicate balance between surface tension, viscous stresses, inertia, and electric stresses. This mode has a central role in determining the subsequent instabilities of the jet and the eventual outcomes on the collector. Truncated-domain simulations offer a viable alternative but depend critically on the accuracy of far-field electrostatic boundary conditions. Existing truncated-domain approaches based on analytical expressions for the electric potential systematically underestimate the electric field near the needle tip and require empirical tuning informed by prior experiments or full-domain simulations, thereby limiting their predictive capability. Here, we present a general truncated-domain framework for electrohydrodynamic (EHD) simulations of the cone-jet mode that avoids these limitations. Our approach exploits inexpensive full-domain electrostatic simulations to obtain the exact electric field and potential distributions near the needle, which are then imposed as boundary conditions in an EHD simulation carried out on a truncated domain. Comparisons with full-domain EHD simulations and experimental data demonstrate that the proposed approach accurately reproduces cone-jet shapes as well as key physical quantities, including electric currents, charge distributions, velocity fields, and Maxwell stresses, while converging at substantially smaller domain sizes. The formulation eliminates tunable parameters, does not require prior knowledge of the cone-jet configuration, and significantly reduces computational cost, providing a reliable and predictive framework for studying electrohydrodynamic cone-jet flows.
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