SCENE OTA-FD：自中心非相干估计器用于空中联邦蒸馏
SCENE OTA-FD: Self-Centering Noncoherent Estimator for Over-the-Air Federated Distillation
AI总结：
SCENE OTA-FD提出一种无需导频的非相干估计器，用于空中联邦蒸馏，通过自中心能量估计提升聚合精度，减少硬件开销并优于相干设计。
摘要：
我们提出SCENE（自中心非相干估计器），一种无需导频且相不变的聚合原语，用于空中联邦蒸馏（OTA-FD）。每个设备将其软标签（类别概率）向量映射到非负发射能量，在恒定每轮功率和恒包络信号（PAPR接近1）下。在服务器端，一个自中心的能量估计器去除噪声能量偏移，得到加权软标签平均的无偏估计，其方差随接收天线数量M和重复因子S的数量级呈1/(SM)递减。我们还开发了一种无需导频的比率归一化变体，以消除未知的大尺度增益，提供与相干OTA-FD分析一致的收敛界，并展示基于开销的交叉比较。SCENE针对短相干和硬件受限的环境，其中避免每轮CSI至关重要：它用适度的非相干方差常数换取零上行导频、无偏聚合和硬件友好的传输，并在导频开销不显著时优于相干设计。
英文摘要：
We propose SCENE (Self-Centering Noncoherent Estimator), a pilot-free and phase-invariant aggregation primitive for over-the-air federated distillation (OTA-FD). Each device maps its soft-label (class-probability) vector to nonnegative transmit energies under constant per-round power and constant-envelope signaling (PAPR near 1). At the server, a self-centering energy estimator removes the noise-energy offset and yields an unbiased estimate of the weighted soft-label average, with variance decaying on the order of 1/(SM) in the number of receive antennas M and repetition factor S. We also develop a pilot-free ratio-normalized variant that cancels unknown large-scale gains, provide a convergence bound consistent with coherent OTA-FD analyses, and present an overhead-based crossover comparison. SCENE targets short-coherence and hardware-constrained regimes, where avoiding per-round CSI is essential: it trades a modest noncoherent variance constant for zero uplink pilots, unbiased aggregation, and hardware-friendly transmission, and can outperform coherent designs when pilot overhead is non-negligible.
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