我们考虑了大N杨-米尔斯理论在三维和四维 confinement 相中的 Polyakov 回转相关子。它可以通过求和封闭磁通管绕热循环缠绕的交换来计算。在短距离下，主导的发散由微扰理论控制。结合这两个事实，我们可以确定贡献于相关子的弦态的渐近谱密度。这清晰地将弱耦合的紫外部分与高能磁通管的动力学联系起来。然后，在一个玩具可积设定中，我们探讨如何通过长弦上的 Goldstone 模式的散射数据来限制这一情况。我们推导了一个关于 Goldstone 对磁通管边界反射振幅渐近行为的限制，并排除了 S 矩阵的渐近线性相移。在过程中，我们讨论了因果性如何对热力学量施加限制，并展示了时间延迟的正性如何从二维无质量弹性 S 矩阵的单位性和解析性得出。我们还包含了一个关于反射振幅的综述，以及在长有效弦理论中其计算的综述。
英文摘要：
We consider the Polyakov loop correlator in the confining phase of large $N$ Yang-Mills theory in three and four dimensions. It can be computed by summing over the exchange of closed flux tubes winding around the thermal cycle. At short separations, the leading divergence is controlled by perturbation theory. Combining these two facts allows us to determine the asymptotic spectral density of string states contributing to the correlator. This sharply relates the weakly-coupled UV of the gauge theory to the dynamics of highly energetic flux tubes. Then, in a toy integrable setting, we explore how this can bound the scattering data of the Goldstone modes on top of a long string. We derive a bound on the asymptotic behavior of the reflection amplitude of Goldstones against the flux tube boundary sourced by the Polyakov line, and rule out an asymptotically linear phase shift for the S-matrix. Along the way, we discuss how causality can impose bounds on thermodynamic quantities, and show how the positivity of time delays follows from unitarity and analyticity of $2d$ massless elastic S-matrices. We include a review on reflection amplitudes, and their computation in the theory of long effective strings.
Analytic eigenenergies of the Dirac equation with finite degrees of freedom under a confining linear potential using basis functions localized in spacetime
Imprint of entanglement entropy in the power spectrum of inflationary fluctuations
如果暴胀子耦合到填充后暴胀阶段的其他自由度，则这种耦合修改暴胀子\emph{during}暴胀的动力学。我们认为轻费米子汤川耦合到暴胀子作为“不可观测”的自由度集成的总密度矩阵。追踪这些自由度产生一个\emph{mixed}密度矩阵，其时间演化由有效场论描述。我们表明，耦合导致丰富的费米子对生产的超哈勃暴胀子波动，导致\emph{growth of entanglement entropy during inflation}。暴胀子涨落的功率谱特征在于尺度不变性违反$\mathcal{P}(k) = \mathcal{P}_0(k)\,\,\exp\{8\,ξ_k\}$，并对\emph{index and its running directly correlated with the entanglement entropy}进行了修正：$S_{vN} = - \sum_{k} \Big[ \ln(1-ξ_k) + \frac{ξ_k\,\ln(ξ_k)}{1-ξ_k} \Big]$。对于超哈勃起伏，我们发现$ξ_k = -\frac{Y^2}{48π^2}\Big\{2\,N_T\,\ln(k/k_f) + \ln^2(k/k_f)\Big\}$与$Y$汤川耦合，$N_T$的e-折叠的总数在通货膨胀期间，和$k_f$的“枢轴”规模对应的模式，在通货膨胀结束时穿过哈勃半径。
Ghost Degrees of Freedom Without Quantum Runaway: Exact Moment Bounds from an Operator Conservation Law
University of California, Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）；Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校圣克鲁兹粒子物理研究所）
Domain Walls From Confining Bubbles: $SU(N_{c})$ Yang Mills at Finite $θ$
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies（国际高等研究院）；INFN Sezione di Trieste（意大利国家核物理研究所的里雅斯特分部）；IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste（的里雅斯特大学物理系）；INFN, Sezione di Trieste（意大利国家核物理研究所的里雅斯特分部）
Universal Confining Strings: From Compact QED to the Hadron Spectrum
NiPS Laboratory, INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, University of Perugia（佩鲁贾大学物理与地质学系）；Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi（纽约大学阿布扎比分校理学院）；DAMTP University of Cambridge（剑桥大学应用数学与理论物理系）；SwissScientific Technologies SA（瑞士科学技术有限公司）
Study of the Emergence of a Gluon Mass Scale from Center Vortices Using a Wave-Functional Formalism
Universidade Estadual Paulista（圣保罗州立大学）；South-American Institute of Fundamental Research ICTP-SAIFR（南美基础研究所 ICTP-SAIFR）；Universität Tübingen（蒂宾根大学）；Universidade Federal Fluminense（弗鲁米嫩塞联邦大学）
Canonical quantization for effective theories with perturbations altering degrees of freedom: a covariant phase space approach
Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院理论物理研究所）；School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学物理科学学院）
