利用Pantheon+ Ia型超新星样本进行模型选择
Model selection with the Pantheon+ Type Ia SN sample
AI总结：
利用Pantheon+ Ia型超新星样本，研究ΛCDM模型是否违反能量条件，发现R_h=ct模型更受数据支持。
摘要：
最近的发现，例如由JWST和DESI的观测，提高了与膨胀ΛCDM模型的矛盾程度。例如，实证证据现在表明，标准模型至少违反了广义相对论中用于确保系统具有正能量、吸引性引力和非超光速能量流的其中一个能量条件。在本信件中，我们使用最近编译的Ia型超新星样本来检验ΛCDM模型在本地宇宙中是否违反能量条件，并与其主要竞争对手R_h=ct宇宙进行模型选择。我们基于能量条件推导出与距离模无关的约束，并将这些约束与ΛCDM和R_h=ct模型预测的哈勃图进行比较，使用Pantheon+ Ia型超新星目录。我们发现，ΛCDM模型在红移范围z∈(0,2)内违反了强能量条件，而R_h=ct模型满足所有四个能量约束。同时，R_h=ct模型在这些数据上比ΛCDM模型更受青睐，其可能性约为89.5%对10.5%。R_h=ct模型在不包含膨胀的情况下，被Ia型超新星数据强烈支持，同时在高红移和低红移范围内都满足广义相对论的能量条件。
英文摘要：
Recent discoveries, e.g., by JWST and DESI, have elevated the level of tension with inflationary $Λ$CDM. For example, the empirical evidence now suggests that the standard model violates at least one of the energy conditions from general relativity, which were designed to ensure that systems have positive energy, attractive gravity and non-superluminal energy flows. In this Letter, we use a recently compiled Type Ia supernova sample to examine whether $Λ$CDM violates the energy conditions in the local Universe, and carry out model selection with its principal competitor, the $R_{\rm h}=ct$ universe. We derive model-independent constraints on the distance modulus based on the energy conditions and compare these with the Hubble diagram predicted by both $Λ$CDM and $R_{\rm h}=ct$, using the Pantheon+ Type Ia supernova catalog. We find that $Λ$CDM violates the strong energy condition over the redshift range $z \subset (0, 2)$, whereas $R_{\rm h}=ct$ satisfies all four energy constraints. At the same time, $R_{\rm h}=ct$ is favored by these data over $Λ$CDM with a likelihood of $\sim 89.5\%$ versus $\sim 10.5\%$. The $R_{\rm h}=ct$ model without inflation is strongly favored by the Type Ia supernova data over the currrent standard model, while simultaneously adhering to the general relativistic energy conditions at both high and low redshifts.
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