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arXiv 2602.14697cs.AIcs.LG
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强化学习中大语言模型的进化系统提示学习

Evolutionary System Prompt Learning for Reinforcement Learning in LLMs

Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto(多伦多大学计算机科学系);Department of Statistics(统计学系);Data Science, Northwestern University(数据科学,西北大学);Bridgewater AIA Labs(布里奇沃特AIA实验室)

Lunjun Zhang, Ryan Chen, Bradly C. Stadie

AI总结:

E-SPL通过结合强化学习和系统提示进化,提升大语言模型在推理和智能任务中的性能。

摘要:

构建能够从经验中自主自我改进的智能系统一直是人工智能的长期目标。目前,大型语言模型(LLMs)主要通过两种机制进行自我改进:自我反思用于上下文更新,以及强化学习(RL)用于权重更新。在本工作中,我们提出了一种名为进化系统提示学习(E-SPL)的方法,用于同时改进模型上下文和模型权重。在每次强化学习迭代中,E-SPL在多个系统提示下并行采样轨迹,然后将RL更新应用于LLM权重,并将进化更新应用于系统提示。系统提示通过突变和交叉两种遗传操作进行进化,这些操作由LLM自我反思驱动;选择基于跨RL迭代更新的相对性能评分。E-SPL鼓励在提示中编码的声明性知识与在权重中编码的程序性知识之间的自然区分,从而在推理和智能任务中实现性能提升。例如,在从易到难(AIME→BeyondAIME)的泛化设置中,E-SPL将RL成功率从38.8%提升到45.1%,同时在反思提示进化(40.0%)中表现更优。总体而言,我们的结果表明,强化学习和系统提示进化是深度协同的,结合两者能带来样本效率和泛化能力的一致提升。代码:https://github.com/LunjunZhang/E-SPL

英文摘要:

Building agentic systems that can autonomously self-improve from experience is a longstanding goal of AI. Large language models (LLMs) today primarily self-improve via two mechanisms: self-reflection for context updates, and reinforcement learning (RL) for weight updates. In this work, we propose Evolutionary System Prompt Learning (E-SPL), a method for jointly improving a model's experiential context and its weights. In each RL iteration, E-SPL samples trajectories under multiple system prompts in parallel, then uses them to jointly update the weights with RL and evolve the system prompts with self-reflection. E-SPL encourages a natural division between procedural knowledge in weights and interpretable declarative knowledge in system prompts. Most notably, in an easy-to-hard generalization setting (AIME $\rightarrow$ BeyondAIME), E-SPL improves RL success rate from 38.8% $\rightarrow$ 45.1%. E-SPL also improves RL on AIME 2025 (56.3% $\rightarrow$ 60.6%), HMMT 2025 (50.0% $\rightarrow$ 52.7%), and agentic search (44.2% $\rightarrow$ 48.6% on gpt-oss-120b). Across all settings, E-SPL outperforms both RL-only and evolution-only baselines, demonstrating that weight updates and context updates are deeply synergistic and can together yield gains in generalization that neither achieves alone. Code is available at https://github.com/LunjunZhang/E-SPL.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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