纳米尺度电粘性升力力
Nanoscale Electroviscous Lift Force
AI总结：
本研究通过原子力显微镜直接测量并量化了纳米尺度电粘性升力力，揭示了其与距离、速度和粒子大小的关系，并首次发现升力力随速度增加而饱和。
摘要：
大约四十年前，有预测指出，带电粒子在电解质中平行于带电壁移动时，应经历一种升力力，这种力与静电力不同，其在大距离上并不被屏蔽。截至目前，这种电粘性升力力尚未被直接测量。在这里，我们使用原子力显微镜直接测量电粘性升力力，并量化其与壁的距离、翻译速度或粒子大小的依赖性。观察到现有理论与我们的实验观察存在显著差异，我们开发了一种结合润滑理论的分析方法，结合之前引入的小屏蔽长度形式化。实验观察到的升力力与我们的理论预测良好一致，并揭示了随着速度增加，升力力饱和的现象。总的来说，我们的结果通过直接测量和分析方法，表征了在非平衡条件下，带电粒子在粘性电解质中的电粘性力的性质。
英文摘要：
About forty years ago, it was predicted that a charged particle, moving parallel to a charged wall in an electrolyte, should experience a lift force that, contrarily to electrostatic forces, is not screened at large distances. Up to now, such electroviscous lift force has not been directly measured. Here, we use Atomic Force Microscopy to directly measure the electroviscous lift force and quantify its dependency with the distance to the wall, the translation velocity or the particle's size. Observing that existing theories exhibit large discrepancies with our experimental observations, we develop an analytical approach combining lubrication theory to a previously introduced formalism for small screening length. The experimentally observed lift forces are in good agreement with our theoretical predictions and reveal, for the first time, a saturation of the lift force for increasing velocities. Altogether, our results characterize, through direct measurements and analytical approach, the properties of electroviscous forces between charged particles in viscous electrolytes in non-equilibrium conditions.
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