DRAMatic速度提升：在处理在内存系统上加速同态加密操作
DRAMatic Speedup: Accelerating HE Operations on a Processing-in-Memory System
AI总结：
DRAMatic在UPMEM PIM上实现同态加密基础操作，通过残差数系和数论变换优化，达到334倍速度提升，对比Microsoft SEAL在运行时间和能耗效率上表现更优，但受限于数据传输开销和乘法性能。
摘要：
同态加密（HE）是一种有前景的保密云计算技术，允许在加密数据上进行计算。然而，HE在传统计算机架构上计算成本高且常受内存限制。处理在内存（PIM）是一种替代的硬件架构，将处理单元和内存集成在同一芯片或内存模块上。PIM能够提供比传统架构更高的内存带宽，因此可能适合加速HE。我们提出了DRAMatic，它在UPMEM PIM上实现了HE的基础操作——一个由UPMEM开发的可编程通用PIM系统。DRAMatic集成了许多算术优化，包括残差数系和数论变换技术，并能够支持安全同态评估所需的大型参数。它在UPMEM PIM上的HE实现中实现了334倍的速度提升。我们还评估了DRAMatic与Microsoft SEAL，一个流行的开源HE库，在运行时间和能耗效率方面的表现。结果表明，DRAMatic显著缩小了Microsoft SEAL与UPMEM PIM上的HE实现之间的差距。然而，我们还显示，DRAMatic目前受到UPMEM PIM硬件上的数据传输开销和有限乘法性能的限制。最后，我们讨论了UPMEM PIM的潜在硬件扩展。
英文摘要：
Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a promising technology for confidential cloud computing, as it allows computations on encrypted data. However, HE is computationally expensive and often memory-bound on conventional computer architectures. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) is an alternative hardware architecture that integrates processing units and memory on the same chip or memory module. PIM enables higher memory bandwidth than conventional architectures and could thus be suitable for accelerating HE. We present DRAMatic, which implements operations foundational to HE on UPMEM PIM -- a programmable general-purpose PIM system developed by UPMEM. DRAMatic incorporates many arithmetic optimizations, including residue number system and number-theoretic transform techniques, and can support the large parameters required for secure homomorphic evaluations. It achieves a 334 times speed-up compared to previous HE implementations on UPMEM PIM. We also evaluate DRAMatic against Microsoft SEAL, a popular open-source HE library, regarding both runtime and energy efficiency. The results show that DRAMatic significantly closes the gap between Microsoft SEAL and HE implementations on UPMEM PIM. However, we also show that DRAMatic is currently constrained by data transfer overhead and limited multiplication performance on UPMEM PIM hardware. Finally, we discuss potential hardware extensions to UPMEM PIM.
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