增强的森林调查用于栖息地制图：加利福尼亚州内华达山脉的案例研究
Enhanced Forest Inventories for Habitat Mapping: A Case Study in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California
AI总结：
本文提出增强森林调查方法，通过整合遥感数据与地面调查，用于高分辨率野生动物栖息地制图，为森林管理和生态保护提供空间明确的工具。
摘要：
传统的森林调查系统最初设计用于量化可销售木材体积，往往缺乏现代多资源生态系统管理所需的空间分辨率和结构细节。在本文中，我们提出了增强的森林调查（EFI）并展示了其在高分辨率野生动物栖息地制图中的用途。项目区域覆盖了加利福尼亚州内华达山脉厄尔罗德国家森林的270,000英亩。通过整合118个地面验证的森林调查与分析（FIA）点位，并结合多模态遥感数据（LiDAR、航空摄影和Sentinel-2卫星影像），我们开发了预测关键森林属性的预测模型。我们的方法采用了两阶段分割方法，将景观划分为约575,000个报告单位，平均大小为0.5英亩，以捕捉森林异质性。我们利用弹性网络回归框架和自动特征选择，将遥感指标与地面测量变量（如基面积、每英亩树数和冠层覆盖率）相关联。这些物理指标被转化为功能栖息地属性，以评估两种重点物种：加州斑 owl（Strix occidentalis occidentalis）和太平洋 Fisher（Pekania pennanti）的栖息地适宜性。我们的分析确定了25,630英亩的 nesting 和 26,622英亩的 foraging 栖息地用于 owl，以及基于结构需求如大直径树木和高冠层闭合的25,636英亩的 likely 栖息地 for fisher。结果表明，EFIs 为林业和保护生态学之间提供了关键桥梁，为森林管理者提供了一个空间明确的工具，以监测生态系统健康并管理复杂环境中的易受物种。
英文摘要：
Traditional forest inventory systems, originally designed to quantify merchantable timber volume, often lack the spatial resolution and structural detail required for modern multi-resource ecosystem management. In this manuscript, we present an Enhanced Forest Inventory (EFI) and demonstrate its utility for high-resolution wildlife habitat mapping. The project area covers 270,000 acres of the Eldorado National Forest in California's Sierra Nevada. By integrating 118 ground-truth Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots with multi-modal remote sensing data (LiDAR, aerial photography, and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery), we developed predictive models for key forest attributes. Our methodology employed a two-tier segmentation approach, partitioning the landscape into approximately 575,000 reporting units with an average size of 0.5 acre to capture forest heterogeneity. We utilized an Elastic-Net Regression framework and automated feature selection to relate remote sensing metrics to ground-measured variables such as basal area, stems per acre, and canopy cover. These physical metrics were translated into functional habitat attributes to evaluate suitability for two focal species: the California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) and the Pacific Fisher (Pekania pennanti). Our analysis identified 25,630 acres of nesting and 26,622 acres of foraging habitat for the owl, and 25,636 acres of likely habitat for the fisher based on structural requirements like large-diameter trees and high canopy closure. The results demonstrate that EFIs provide a critical bridge between forestry and conservation ecology, offering forest managers a spatially explicit tool to monitor ecosystem health and manage vulnerable species in complex environments.
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