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arXiv 2602.12017astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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漂浮体在星群中的速度演化

Velocities of Free Floaters in a Sea of Stars

Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University(同济大学李政道研究所,上海交通大学);Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Department of Astronomy, Cornell University(康奈尔大学天文学系天体物理学与行星科学中心)

Jun Yan Lau, Dong Lai

AI总结:

研究通过引力散射导致自由漂浮体速度演化,发现其速度分布偏离麦克斯韦分布,且低质量漂浮体可能保留其母星历史信息。

摘要:

我们研究了通过场星引力散射导致的自由漂浮行星和星际物体(

英文摘要:

We investigate the velocity evolution of free-floating planets and interstellar objects (``free floaters'') through gravitational scatterings by field stars (with the stellar mass $m$ much larger than the mass of the floater, $m_p$). We show that the equilibrium velocity -- where dynamical friction balances stochastic acceleration -- is given by $σ\sqrt{2\ln(m/m_p)}$ (where $σ$ is the velocity disperson of the field stars), diverging from the standard energy equipartition scaling. While the timescale to reach this equilibrium is prohibitively long, we find that slow floaters ($v \lesssim σ$) undergo mass-independent acceleration, doubling their velocities within a few relaxation times. Consequently, free floaters initially following the Maxwellian distribution of their parent stars develop distinctly non-Maxwellian velocity distributions on a relaxation timescale. Since the relaxation time of the Galactic disk is longer than the age, our results suggest that the kinematics of low-mass free floaters in the disk may preserve signatures of their parent stars and ejection history.

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