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向量数据库中接近图索引构造参数的快速调整

Fast Tuning the Index Construction Parameters of Proximity Graphs in Vector Databases

School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University(西安电子科技大学计算机科学与技术学院);Chinese University of Hong Kong(香港中文大学);Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)(香港科技大学(广州))

Wenyang Zhou, Jiadong Xie, Yingfan Liu, Zhihao Yin, Jeffrey Xu Yu, Hui Li, Zhangqian Mu, Xiaotian Qiao, Jiangtao Cui

AI总结:

本文提出FastPGT框架,通过同时构建多个接近图以加速参数调整,显著提升向量数据库中接近图构造参数优化的效率。

摘要:

在高维向量空间中进行k近似最近邻搜索(k-ANNS)是许多领域中的基本问题。随着向量数据库和检索增强生成的出现,k-ANNS受到了越来越多的关注。在现有方法中,基于接近图(PG)的方法是当前最先进的(SOTA)方法。然而,PGs的构造参数显著影响其搜索性能。在为给定数据集构建PG之前,必须调整这些参数,这首先推荐一组有前途的参数,然后通过构建相应的PG并测试其k-ANNS性能来估计每个参数的质量。鉴于PGs的构造复杂度是超线性的,构建和评估图索引占参数调整的主要成本。不幸的是,目前尚无方法考虑并优化这一过程。在本文中,我们介绍了FastPGT,一种高效的框架用于调整PG构造参数。FastPGT通过同时构建多个PGs来加速参数估计,从而减少重复计算。此外,我们修改了SOTA调整模型,使其能够一次推荐多个参数,这可以使用我们同时构建多个PGs的方法高效地进行估计。通过在真实世界数据集上的广泛实验,我们证明FastPGT在SOTA方法VDTuner上实现了高达2.37倍的加速,而不会牺牲调整质量。

英文摘要:

k-approximate nearest neighbor search (k-ANNS) in high-dimensional vector spaces is a fundamental problem across many fields. With the advent of vector databases and retrieval-augmented generation, k-ANNS has garnered increasing attention. Among existing methods, proximity graphs (PG) based approaches are the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. However, the construction parameters of PGs significantly impact their search performance. Before constructing a PG for a given dataset, it is essential to tune these parameters, which first recommends a set of promising parameters and then estimates the quality of each parameter by building the corresponding PG and then testing its k-ANNS performance. Given that the construction complexity of PGs is superlinear, building and evaluating graph indexes accounts for the primary cost of parameter tuning. Unfortunately, there is currently no method considered and optimized this process.In this paper, we introduce FastPGT, an efficient framework for tuning the PG construction parameters. FastPGT accelerates parameter estimation by building multiple PGs simultaneously, thereby reducing repeated computations. Moreover, we modify the SOTA tuning model to recommend multiple parameters at once, which can be efficiently estimated using our method of building multiple PGs simultaneously. Through extensive experiments on real-world datasets, we demonstrate that FastPGT achieves up to 2.37x speedup over the SOTA method VDTuner, without compromising tuning quality.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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