手性仪：直接检测晶体手性
Chiralometer: Direct Torque Detection of Crystal Chirality
AI总结：
提出手性仪，通过机械方法直接检测晶体手性，利用温度梯度或电场诱导角动量不平衡，产生可测的机械扭矩，为手性研究提供新工具。
摘要：
手性支配从化学反应到准粒子电荷载流子拓扑的现象范围。然而，对于晶体手性的直接宏观探测仍然是一个重大挑战，尤其是在时间反演对称系统中，圆二色信号较弱。在这里，我们提出“手性仪”，一种机械检测方法，通过驱动角动量载体脱离平衡来探测手性。利用第一性原理计算和 semiclassical 运输理论，我们证明在绝缘体中温度梯度或金属中电场会诱导声子和电子中未补偿的角动量。这种不平衡会产生宏观机械扭矩（τ≈10⁻¹¹ N·m），这在现代扭矩磁力计和基于悬臂的传感器的灵敏度范围内。我们识别出在手性晶体如 Te、SiO₂ 和拓扑半金属 CoSi 中的稳健特征。我们的工作确立了机械扭矩作为手性的基本序参量，为轨道电子学和手性量子材料提供了变革性的工具。
英文摘要：
Chirality governs phenomena ranging from chemical reactions to the topology of quasiparticle charge carriers. However, a direct macroscopic probe for crystal chirality remains a significant challenge, especially in time reversal symmetric systems with weak circular dichroism signal. Here, we propose the ``Chiralometer'', a mechanical detection method that probes chirality by driving angular momentum carriers out of equilibrium. Using first-principles calculations and semiclassical transport theory, we demonstrate that a temperature gradient in insulators or an electric field in metals induces uncompensated angular momentum in phonons and electrons, respectively. This imbalance generates a macroscopic mechanical torque ($τ\sim 10^{-11} N \cdot m$) well within the sensitivity of modern torque magnetometry and cantilever-based sensors. We identify robust signatures in chiral crystals such as Te, SiO$_2$, and the topological semimetal CoSi. Our work establishes mechanical torque as a fundamental order parameter for chirality, offering a transformative tool for orbitronics and chiral quantum materials.
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