在银河系中心寻找最深的脉冲星搜索及对一个引人入胜的毫秒脉冲星候选体的考察
On the Deepest Search for Galactic Center Pulsars and an Examination of an Intriguing Millisecond Pulsar Candidate
AI总结:
研究在银河系中心使用GBT进行高灵敏度脉冲星搜索,发现一个可能的毫秒脉冲星候选体,但因置信度混合和后续未检测而无法确认,强调该区域可能存在强散射或极端轨道动力学影响
摘要:
我们报告了迄今为止最敏感的脉冲星巡天之一的结果,该巡天使用Breakthrough Listen计划的数据,在银河系中心(GC)的最内区域(GC bulge)使用Green Bank Telescope(GBT)在X波段(8-12GHz)进行。总共收集了9.5小时的数据,覆盖更宽的约8'直径的GC bulge区域,并在2021年5月至2023年12日期间,在1.4'的内区域进行了11小时的观测。我们进行了全面的傅里叶域周期性搜索,针对传统脉冲星(CPs)和毫秒脉冲星(MSPs),使用恒定和线性变化的加速度搜索以提高对致密双星的灵敏度。假设弱散射,我们的搜索达到了CPs的最小亮度限约为0.14 mJy kpc²和MSPs的最小亮度限约为0.26 mJy kpc²,足以检测在GC中预期的最亮脉冲星。在5282个信号候选体中,我们识别出一个有趣的8.19 ms MSP候选体(DM为2775 pc cm⁻³),在1小时扫描中在时间和频率上保持一致,其最小亮度为约0.007 mJy。我们引入了一种新的随机化测试来评估候选体的显著性,包括通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov测试的信号持续性和亮度-DM行为。由于这些测试的混合置信度以及更广泛地在后续观测中未检测到该候选体,我们无法对候选体做出明确的结论。这加深了在GC中持续缺失脉冲星的问题,强化了强散射和/或极端轨道动力学可能在该区域遮蔽脉冲星信号的观点。
英文摘要:
We report results of one of the most sensitive pulsar surveys to date targeting the innermost region of the Galactic Center (GC) using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) at X-band (8--12GHz) using data from the Breakthrough Listen initiative. In total, we collected 9.5 hr of data covering the wider $\sim 8'$ diameter of the GC bulge, and 11 hr on the inner $1.4'$ region between 2021 May and 2023 December. We conducted a comprehensive Fourier-domain periodicity search targeting both canonical pulsars (CPs) and millisecond pulsars (MSPs), using constant and linearly changing acceleration searches to improve sensitivity to compact binaries. Assuming weak scattering, our searches reached luminosity limits of $L_{\rm min} \approx 0.14~{\rm mJy~kpc^{2}}$ for CPs and $L_{\rm min} \approx 0.26~{\rm mJy~kpc^{2}}$ for MSPs -- sensitive enough to detect the most luminous pulsars expected in the GC. Among 5,282 signal candidates, we identify an interesting 8.19 ms MSP candidate (DM of 2775 pc cm$^{-3}$), persistent in time and frequency across a 1-hr scan at a flux density of $S_{\rm min} \approx 0.007~{\rm mJy}$. We introduce a novel randomization test for evaluating candidate significance against noise fluctuations, including signal persistence via Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and flux-vs-DM behavior. We are unable to make a definitive claim about the candidate due to a mixed degree of confidence from these tests and, more broadly, its non-detection in subsequent observations. This deepens the ongoing missing pulsar problem in the GC, reinforcing the idea that strong scattering and/or extreme orbital dynamics may obscure pulsar signals in this region.
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