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arXiv 2602.08626cs.CV
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重新审视 Vision Transformers 中的 [CLS] 和 Patch Token 交互

Revisiting [CLS] and Patch Token Interaction in Vision Transformers

FAIR, Meta(Meta 基础人工智能研究院);LIGM, Ecole des Ponts, IPParis, UGE, CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心、巴黎综合理工学院、古斯塔夫·埃菲尔大学、巴黎桥路大学信息、建模与系统实验室)

Alexis Marouani, Oriane Siméoni, Hervé Jégou, Piotr Bojanowski, Huy V. Vo

AI总结:

本文研究了 Vision Transformers 中 [CLS] 和 Patch Token 的交互,提出专业化处理路径以提升密集预测任务的性能,实验显示在保持分类准确性的前提下,分割性能提升超过 2 mIoU。

摘要:

视觉变换器已经 emerged 为强大、可扩展且多功能的表示学习器。为了捕捉全局和局部特征,通常会在输入序列的 patch token 前添加一个可学习的 [CLS] 类 token。尽管它们性质不同,这两种 token 类型在整个模型中被处理方式相同。在本工作中,我们通过分析 class 和 patch token 之间的交互,研究了在不同的预训练策略下,全局和局部特征学习之间的摩擦。我们的分析揭示了标准归一化层引入了这两种 token 类型之间的隐含区分。基于这一见解,我们提出了专门的处理路径,这些路径会选择性地解耦 class 和 patch token 的计算流程,特别是在归一化层和早期查询-键-值投影中。这种有针对性的专业化导致在密集预测任务中 patch 表示质量显著提高。我们的实验显示,在标准基准上,分割性能提高了超过 2 mIoU 点,同时保持了强大的分类准确性。所提出的方法仅增加了 8% 的参数,没有额外的计算开销。通过全面的消融实验,我们提供了关于哪些架构组件最受益于专业化以及我们的方法如何在模型规模和学习框架之间泛化方面的见解。

英文摘要:

Vision Transformers have emerged as powerful, scalable and versatile representation learners. To capture both global and local features, a learnable [CLS] class token is typically prepended to the input sequence of patch tokens. Despite their distinct nature, both token types are processed identically throughout the model. In this work, we investigate the friction between global and local feature learning under different pre-training strategies by analyzing the interactions between class and patch tokens. Our analysis reveals that standard normalization layers introduce an implicit differentiation between these token types. Building on this insight, we propose specialized processing paths that selectively disentangle the computational flow of class and patch tokens, particularly within normalization layers and early query-key-value projections. This targeted specialization leads to significantly improved patch representation quality for dense prediction tasks. Our experiments demonstrate segmentation performance gains of over 2 mIoU points on standard benchmarks, while maintaining strong classification accuracy. The proposed modifications introduce only an 8% increase in parameters, with no additional computational overhead. Through comprehensive ablations, we provide insights into which architectural components benefit most from specialization and how our approach generalizes across model scales and learning frameworks.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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