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arXiv 2602.08459astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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利用下一代引力波探测器网络识别双黑洞并合的宿主星系

Identifying Host Galaxies of Binary Black Hole Mergers with Next-Generation Gravitational Wave Detector Networks

Radboud University(拉德堡德大学);University of Warwick(华威大学);Royal Holloway University of London(伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学)

Sumedha Biswas, Andrew Levan, Peter G. Jonker, Kendall Ackley, Gregory Ashton, Nikhil Sarin

AI总结:

本文研究利用下一代引力波探测器网络识别双黑洞并合宿主星系的可行性,通过模拟近处星系中的双黑洞并合事件,评估未来探测器网络对宿主星系定位的精度,并提出多种诊断指标以约束双黑洞形成机制。

摘要:

识别通过引力波探测到的双黑洞(BBH)并合事件的宿主星系仍然具有挑战性,因为缺乏电磁对应物且当前探测器产生的定位体积较大。可靠的宿主关联可以提供恒星人口属性以约束BBH形成通道,并使测量宇宙学参数如哈勃常数H0成为可能。我们模拟了近处(z<0.25)宿主星系中的BBH并合事件,以评估未来引力波探测器网络对宿主识别的可行性,包括包含计划中的LIGO-India探测器和第三代探测器如爱因斯坦望远镜(ET)和宇宙探测器(CE)的配置。我们构建了两个注入网格以探索BBH质量、距离和方向灵敏度的变化,并使用基于Fisher信息矩阵(FIM)的参数估计方法(通过BILBY)推断定位体积。为了评估唯一宿主识别的前景,我们引入了一组诊断指标:从银河系恒星质量函数导出的理论共动体积阈值、基于金属licity的体积阈值(受前 progenitor环境模型启发)、恒星质量分数以量化候选宿主的显著性,以及偶然对齐的概率(p_c)。这些指标提供了评估宿主关联和约束BBH形成通道的方法。我们发现,包含ET和CE的未来网络能够将BBH并合定位到比理论阈值更小的体积,暗示在~1000 Mpc范围内每年约100次的潜在唯一宿主识别。虽然个别事件的关联可能仍不确定,但我们的框架适用于群体层面的分析,能够在下一代引力波探测器网络时代对BBH形成场景施加约束。

英文摘要:

Identifying the host galaxy of a binary black hole (BBH) merger detected via gravitational waves (GWs) remains a challenge due to the absence of electromagnetic counterparts and the large localization volumes produced by current-generation detectors. A confident host association would provide stellar population properties to constrain BBH formation channels and enable measurements of cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant, H0. We simulate BBH mergers in nearby (z<0.25) host galaxies to evaluate the feasibility of host identification with future GW detector networks, including configurations with the planned LIGO-India detector and third-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE). We construct two injection grids to explore variations in BBH mass, distance, and directional sensitivity, and infer localization volumes using the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM)-based parameter estimation implemented through BILBY. To assess the prospects for unique host identification, we introduce a set of diagnostics: theoretical comoving volume thresholds for galaxies of a given stellar mass, derived from galaxy stellar mass functions, a metallicity-based volume threshold motivated by progenitor environment models, stellar mass fractions to quantify candidate host prominence, and the probability of chance alignment (p_c). These metrics provide ways to evaluate host associations and constrain BBH formation channels. We find that future networks that include ET and CE localize BBH mergers to volumes smaller than those theoretical thresholds, implying potentially unique host identification, out to ~1000 Mpc at a rate of ~100 yr^{-1}. While associations for individual events may remain uncertain, our framework is well-suited to population-level analyses, enabling constraints on BBH formation scenarios in the era of next-generation GW detector networks.

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