利用Jet AA微观传输模型探测$α$簇在$^{12}\mathrm{C}$中的特性于CSR能量
Probing $α$ clustering in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ at energies available at the Cooling Storage Ring facility using the Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model
AI总结：
利用Jet AA微观传输模型研究$α$簇在$^{12}\mathrm{C}$中的特性，发现簇化对核碰撞几何紧凑性及径向可观测量有显著影响。
摘要：
我们通过研究C+C和C+Pb碰撞中初始态几何与最终态可观测量之间的相互作用，探讨低能核碰撞对内在核结构的敏感性。在$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.36$~GeV的能量下，该研究与兰州的冷却储存环（CSR）设施以及即将在惠州的高强度重离子加速设施（HIAF）的实验相关。利用Woods-Saxon和三角形$α$-簇配置对$^{12}C$核进行计算，初始几何特征通过横向尺寸、紧凑性、偏心率及其集合平均波动来表征。我们发现$α$簇导致参与者配置更加紧凑，而横向尺寸和偏心率波动对簇化只表现出弱敏感性。在该束能下，径向可观测量仍对几何紧凑性敏感，集合平均的质子横向动量$\langle p_T \rangle$在$α$-簇配置中增强，而π子显示不敏感。通过流谐系数考察各向异性响应。我们发现对于较大的$N_{part}$，$α$-簇配置的根均方流幅度$ v_n\{2\} = \sqrt{\langle v_n^2\rangle} $增强，而单个谐波的集合平均波动强度保持较小。初始态偏心率的对称累积量显示对簇化敏感，而相应的最终态流谐波之间的集合平均相关性则不表现出明显分离。这些结果表明，径向可观测量和基于相关性的流测量为探测低能核碰撞中的$α$簇提供了互补的探针。
英文摘要：
I investigate the sensitivity of low-energy nuclear collisions to intrinsic nuclear structure through the interplay between initial-state geometry and final-state observables in C+C and C+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.36$~GeV, relevant to experiments at the Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) in Lanzhou and the forthcoming High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in Huizhou. Calculations are performed using the Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model (JAM), with Woods--Saxon and triangular $α$-clustered configurations of the $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ nucleus. The initial geometry is characterized by transverse size, compactness, eccentricities, and their fluctuations. The $α$-clustered configuration produces a more compact participant system, while transverse-size and eccentricity fluctuations are only weakly affected. Radial observables remain sensitive to this compactness: the ensemble-averaged proton mean transverse momentum $\langle p_T \rangle$ is enhanced for the clustered configuration, whereas pion observables show little sensitivity. In contrast, flow harmonics and their event-by-event fluctuations show no appreciable dependence on clustering. Normalized symmetric cumulants of initial-state eccentricities are sensitive to clustering, but the corresponding final-state flow cumulants show no comparably strong separation. These results suggest that dynamical evolution at this energy substantially weakens the imprint of initial $α$ clustering on anisotropic-flow observables, while radial observables remain promising probes of nuclear structure.
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