arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2602.07574cs.CVcs.CL

ViCA:仅视觉交叉注意力的高效多模态大语言模型

ViCA: Efficient Multimodal LLMs with Vision-Only Cross-Attention

Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology(宁波数字孪生研究院、东部技术研究院);Munich Center for Machine Learning, LMU Munich(慕尼黑机器学习中心、慕尼黑大学)

Wenjie Liu, Hao Wu, Xin Qiu, Xudong Wang, Yingqi Fan, Yihan Zhang, Anhao Zhao, Yunpu Ma, Xiaoyu Shen

AI总结:

提出ViCA架构,通过仅视觉交叉注意力减少视觉令牌计算,在保持98%准确率的同时将视觉计算降至4%,实现显著加速。

摘要:

现代多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)采用统一的自我注意设计,在每个Transformer层处理视觉和文本令牌,导致大量计算开销。在这项工作中,我们重新审视了这种密集视觉处理的必要性,并表明投影的视觉嵌入已经与语言空间良好对齐,而有效的视觉-语言交互仅发生在少数层中。基于这些见解,我们提出了ViCA(仅视觉交叉注意力),一种最小的MLLM架构,其中视觉令牌绕过所有自我注意和前馈层,仅通过稀疏的交叉注意力在选定层与文本交互。在三个MLLM骨干、九个多模态基准和26个基于剪枝的基线上的广泛评估表明,ViCA在将视觉侧计算减少到4%的同时保持了98%的基线准确率,始终实现了优越的性能-效率权衡。此外,ViCA提供了一个规则的、硬件友好的推理流水线,在单批推理中实现了超过3.5倍的加速,在多批推理中实现了超过10倍的加速,与仅文本的LLM相比,将视觉定位减少到接近零的开销。它还与令牌剪枝方法正交,可以无缝结合以进一步提高效率。我们的代码可在https://github.com/EIT-NLP/ViCA获取。

英文摘要:

Modern multimodal large language models (MLLMs) adopt a unified self-attention design that processes visual and textual tokens at every Transformer layer, incurring substantial computational overhead. In this work, we revisit the necessity of such dense visual processing and show that projected visual embeddings are already well-aligned with the language space, while effective vision-language interaction occurs in only a small subset of layers. Based on these insights, we propose ViCA (Vision-only Cross-Attention), a minimal MLLM architecture in which visual tokens bypass all self-attention and feed-forward layers, interacting with text solely through sparse cross-attention at selected layers. Extensive evaluations across three MLLM backbones, nine multimodal benchmarks, and 26 pruning-based baselines show that ViCA preserves 98% of baseline accuracy while reducing visual-side computation to 4%, consistently achieving superior performance-efficiency trade-offs. Moreover, ViCA provides a regular, hardware-friendly inference pipeline that yields over 3.5x speedup in single-batch inference and over 10x speedup in multi-batch inference, reducing visual grounding to near-zero overhead compared with text-only LLMs. It is also orthogonal to token pruning methods and can be seamlessly combined for further efficiency gains. Our code is available at https://github.com/EIT-NLP/ViCA.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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